Topic 8 - 1 - Mutations

Question 1

What is a mutation?

Answer 1

Any change to the base sequence of DNA

Question 2

What are the six types of mutations?

Answer 2

Substitution
Deletion
Addition
Duplication
Inversion
Translocation

Question 3

What is a substitution?

Answer 3

One or more bases are swapped for another

Question 4

What is a deletion?

Answer 4

One or more bases are removed

Question 5

What is an addition?

Answer 5

One or more bases are added

Question 6

What is a duplication?

Answer 6

One or more bases are repeated

Question 7

What is an inversion?

Answer 7

A sequence of bases is reversed

Question 8

What is translocation in terms of mutations of bases?

Answer 8

Translocation is when a sequence of bases is moved from one location in the genome to another. This could be movement from within the same chromosome or movement to a different chromosome

Question 9

What is a genetic disorder?

Answer 9

An inherited disease caused by an abnormal gene or chromosome

Question 10

What is a hereditary mutation?

Answer 10

A mutation that is inherited from your parents

Question 11

How is the genetic code Degenerate?

Answer 11

There are more possible combinations of triplets than there are amino acids and so some amino acids are coded for by more than one base triplet

Question 12

What is a Frameshift mutation?

Answer 12

A mutation that changes the number of bases in the DNA code, causing a shift in the base triplets that follow, so that the triplet code is read in a different way

Question 13

When is it likely that Gene mutations may occur?

Answer 13

During DNA replication