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HGP 252 > Topic 7 - Warnings and How People Respond > Flashcards

Topic 7 - Warnings and How People Respond Flashcards

1
Q

What is Public Alerting?

A
  • Getting an urgent, usually life threatening message out to the public, that offers suggestions on what to do.
  • Goal is to save lives
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2
Q

What are the 4 separate phases of Public Alerting?

A
  1. ) What is the Message to be delivered
  2. ) Infrastructure in place
  3. ) Distribution of the message
  4. ) Letting the people know what they need to do
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3
Q

Where is Public Alerting headed in the future? (3 things)

A
  1. ) Expand amber alerts via email
  2. ) Broadcast intrusive message to people via text message without any subscription
  3. ) 2-Way communication via social media
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4
Q

What are 2 ways that Environment Canada monitors weather, and collects data?

A
  1. ) Weather Radar - short term predictions of severe weather. Collect, process, and transmit data
  2. ) Lightning Detection Sensors - detects cloud to ground lightning strikes and runs 24/7
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5
Q

What is Alberta Environment’s Flow Forecasting?

A
  • Monitoring of water levels and flow, snow conditions, and weather
  • Water levels are monitored on a continuous basis
  • App for it to track data collection
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6
Q

What is the Japan’s Early Warning System?

A
  • Earthquake early warning system, that analyzes P-waves that are slower than S-waves, the waves that cause damage. They send out a mass warning alerting people of the earthquake
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7
Q

What % of emergency managers said they would always warn the public after the National Weather Service first issues a tornado warning?

A
  • Only 60% said they would
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8
Q

What are some reasons you might want to consider NOT to issue a warning?

A
  1. ) False Alarms - repeated false alarms may decrease response
  2. ) Concerns about panic
  3. ) Warning Timing - too early may cause them not to react in the way you want them to
  4. ) Too many warnings - people become complacent
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9
Q

What is the difference between a Weather Watch and a Weather Warning?

A
  • Weather watch: conditions are favourable for a possible storm, uncertainty about strength and area could be affected, watch for information, start to plan.
  • Weather Warning: Severe weather is occurring, or will occur, put plants into action
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10
Q

What 5 things should be included in Framing the Warning?

A
  1. ) Nature of the hazard
  2. ) Risk
  3. ) Affected area
  4. ) Recommended protective actions
  5. ) Additional information
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11
Q

What are the 2 types of alerts in Alberta’s Emergency Alert system and what do they mean?

A
  1. ) Information Alert - be aware and prepared (more general)
  2. ) Critical Alert - imminent life threatening danger
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12
Q

What was found in a survey that studied the effectiveness of scar warning messages?

A
  • Non Scary warnings were perceived as being more credible than the scary warnings
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13
Q

What were the areas of focus in Perrault and Colleague’s Findings?

A
  1. ) Tornado experience
  2. ) Credibility of warning messages
  3. ) Follow directions for seeking safe shelter or evacuation
  4. ) Length of messages
  5. ) Televised vs. Radio messages
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14
Q

What did K. Smith say was important for Disseminating a Warning?

A
  • The effectiveness of a forecasting and warning system depends on the translation of the forecast into a warning… an understanding of the social setting is as important as the accuracy of the scientific information if the community responses are to be optimal
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15
Q

In the case of short lead time hazards (flash floods) what information sources, warning methods, and demogrphic factors should be considered:

A
  • Information sources - environmental cues, local radio, weather channel
  • Warning Methods - sirens, TV
    Demographic Factors - Age, education, ethnicity
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16
Q

What 3 things should be considered when considering Education, Testing, and Evaluation?

A
  1. ) How they will be warned
  2. ) What the warnings mean
  3. ) Where to get more information
17
Q

What is U of A Alerts?

A
  • Emergency notifications when we need to inform you of an urgent event that requires you to act
18
Q

How does U of A Alerts communicate emergency notifications?

A
  • UAlberta App
  • Fire Panels
  • Alertus Beacons
  • Alertus Desktop
  • Twitter & Facebook
  • Email
  • SMS
  • You
19
Q

What are the 2 actions of what U of A Alerts communicates?

A
  1. ) Urgent notification

2. ) Updates & Additional Information

20
Q

What is the Notification Development Team?

A
  • 1 activation system that triggers 6 notification delivery modes
  • Team regularly explores improvements and trends, has regular drills, templates for alert messages, established protocol
21
Q

What has been observed in the last 5 years by U of A Alerts?

A
  • People expect to be informed
  • If it happens on campus - people want to know details
  • The alert is expected to be timely and of value
  • People are more likely to look to social media for information - if we don’t provide it, they will seek it
  • People want to help - they are willing to retweet if they think it’s important
  • People are mobile - moving across campus, to and from campus
  • People want to know if an emergency impacts their classes
  • People want to know if friends, classmates, students & colleagues are safe
22
Q

What are some trends, observed by U of A Alerts?

A
  • Mobile alerts with emergency tone
  • Digital signage
  • Notification banners on faculty & department websites
  • “Trusted reporters” sharing the alerts
  • New relationship from passive to interactive - helping responders understand the event - sharing of photos and eyewitness reports
  • Increasing expectations of emergency notifications
23
Q

What might U of A alerts looks like in the future?

A
  • Alertus desktop on your laptop and tablet
  • Push of alerts within geographical locations
  • Smart watches to alert you
  • Digital signage and television screens
  • Partnerships - eg. ETS bus & LRT signs; scoreboards
24
Q

What are the 4 components of crafting a notification?

A
  1. ) ACTION - what you should do
  2. ) TIME - when did we issue this message?
  3. ) EVENT - what is / has happened?
  4. ) RESPONSE - who is responding - fire, police, ambulance, UAPS
25
Q

What is the 7 Step Warning Process? (Sorensen & Sorensen)

A
  1. ) Receive
  2. ) Understand
  3. ) Believe
  4. ) Personalize
  5. ) Confirm
  6. ) Decide what to do
  7. ) Take Action
26
Q

How did people respond to two successive tornado warnings?

A
  • Only half took protective action on the 2nd tornado
27
Q

What was the general Evacuation Response in Bangladesh from the cyclone in 2007?

A
  • 67% did not evacuate their home after being told to
  • Said shelters were full, not close enough, not safe
  • Some said they did not receive the warning or did not believe the warning to be true
28
Q

What is Evacuation Shadow?

A
  • When people decide to evacuate outside of the designated evacuation zone.
29
Q

What are 3 factors contributing to evacuation?

A
  1. ) Previous experience to evacuation
  2. ) Gender
  3. ) Ethnicity
30
Q

What is Sheltering in Place?

A

This is a precaution aimed to keep you safe while remaining indoors. (This is not the same thing as going to a shelter in case of a storm.) Shelter-in-place means selecting a small, interior room, with no or few windows, and taking refuge there.

31
Q

What happened in the Arkansas organophosphate pesticide accident?

A
  • Only 27% of those told to shelter in place did so
32
Q

What are 4 factors influencing Sheltering in Place?

A
  1. ) Information
  2. ) Less Familiar
  3. ) Perceived effectiveness
  4. ) Urge to flee
33
Q

People may evacuate …

A

early, late, when asked, or not at all

HGP 252 (7 decks)

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