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Peds (Exam 2 - Embryology) > Topic 7: Vascular embryology > Flashcards

Topic 7: Vascular embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular development Occurs by 2 mechanisms

A

Vasculogenesis

Angiogenesis

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2
Q

Vasculogenesis

A
  • Coalescence of angioblasts

* I.e.: Major vessels such as the dorsal aorta and cardinal veins

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3
Q

Angiogenesis

A

Vessels sprout from existing vessels

•I.e.: Remainder of vascular system

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4
Q

The early embryonic vascular system is a complex network, preferential flow related to the development of organs leads to enlargement of some vessels while other vessels are obliterated. This enlargement of vessels is by way of?

A

fusion with smaller vessels and partly by enlargement of individual capillary beds

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5
Q

The major arterial conduits in the early embryo are the?

A

dorsal aortas

  • Simply a continuation of the endocardial tubes
  • Arise from the Aortic Sac (Distal most part of the truncus arteriosus)
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6
Q

Dorsal Aortas: continuation of? arise from?

A
  • Simply a continuation of the endocardial tubes

* Arise from the Aortic Sac (Distal most part of the truncus arteriosus)

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7
Q

Because of the changing position of the developing heart tube and pericardium, the cranial portions of the dorsal aortas come to describe an arc on both sides of the foregut, establishing what?

A

first pair of aortic arches

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8
Q

There are how many of aortic arches present at some point during development? and which is transient?

A

six pairs
but the 5th aortic arch is only transient.
5th Aortic Arch never forms or forms incompletely and regresses

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9
Q

Aortic Sac becomes what?

A
  • Ascending Aorta
  • Aortic Arch
  • Brachiocephalic Artery
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10
Q

First Arches becomes what?

A

•Maxillary Artery (portion)

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11
Q

Second Arches becomes what?

A

•Stapedial Artery (portion)

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12
Q

Third Arches becomes what?

A

•Carotid Arteries

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13
Q

Fourth Arches becomes what?

A
  • Right–Proximal Right Subclavian Artery

* Left–Aortic arch segment between left carotid and left subclavian artery

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14
Q

Fifth Arches becomes what?

A

•Transient and never well-developed

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15
Q

Sixth Arches becomes what?

A
  • Right–
    * Proximal-Proximal right pulmonary artery
    * Distal-distal portion disappears
  • Left–
    * Proximal–Proximal left pulmonary artery
    * Distal–Ductus Arteriosus
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16
Q

Right Dorsal Aorta becomes what?

A

•Portion becomes the right subclavian

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17
Q

Left Dorsal Aorta becomes what?

A

•Distal aortic arch and descending aorta

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18
Q

Right Intersegmental Artery becomes what?

A

•Part of right subclavian artery

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19
Q

Left Intersegmental Artery becomes what?

A

•Left subclavian artery

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20
Q

3mm Embryo
The first pair of arches is large
•Second pair is just forming
•All the other arches develop from the region of what????
•Distally, the dorsal aortas fuse to form what???

A

the aortic sac

a single vessel

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21
Q

4mm Embryo, 27 days
Aortic arch I has largely disappeared
•Part of it remains-becomes what?

A

the Maxillary Artery

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22
Q

4mm Embryo, 27 days
Aortic arch II is regressing.
•Remnants of arch II–becomes what?

A

the Stapedial Artery

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23
Q

4mm Embryo, 27 days
Aortic arches IV and VI are being formed as ventral and dorsal sprouts.
•Aortic arch VI already has a sprouting branch of what??

A

the primitive pulmonary artery

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24
Q

4mm Embryo, 27 days

Aortic arch III is already ?

A

large and well developed

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25
Q

10mm Embryo 29 days
The first two aortic arches have___?
•Aortic arches III, IV, and VI are __?

A

disappeared

quite large.

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26
Q

10mm Embryo 29 days
The truncoaortic sac has been divided so that Arch ___ is now continuous with the pulmonary trunk.
•Starting to lose ___?

A

arch VI

symmetry

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27
Q

The intersegmental arteries will be important in the formation of the ____ arteries

A

subclavian

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28
Q

14mm Embryo
The symmetrical pattern is largely gone
•There is further division of what?
•Arch III forms the common carotid artery and first part of the ______

A

aorta and pulmonary artery.

internal carotid artery

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29
Q

14mm Embryo
The symmetrical pattern is largely gone
•There is further division of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
•Arch III forms the ________

A

common carotid artery and first part of the internal carotid artery

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30
Q

14mm Embryo
Arch IV stays on each side but becomes different structures.
•Left Arch IV–part of what????
•Right Arch IV–location???

A

part of Aortic arch between LCC and L. Subclavian

Proximal R. Subclavian

31
Q

14mm Embryo

The dorsal portion of the right arch VI has disappeared and the left arch VI will become what??

A

ductus arteriosus

32
Q

14mm Embryo

Arch VI aka. ?

A

Pulmonary Arch

33
Q

14mm Embryo

Notice the intersegmental arteries have migrated upward to become the what?

A

subclavian arteries

34
Q

17mm Embryo
A portion of the vessel that was formerly the right dorsal aorta disappears.
•Proximal portion persists and becomes what??

A

right subclavian artery

35
Q

At birth, the distal part of the left sixth aortic arch(aka the ____ ) normally obliterates and becomes the ? ligamentum arteriosum.
•The adult aortic arch system is now established

A

(the ductus arteriosus)

ligamentum arteriosum.

36
Q

Arch 1 – arterial derivatives

A

Maxillary Arteries

37
Q

Arch 2 - arterial derivatives

A

Hyoid and stapedial arteries

38
Q

Arch 3 - arterial derivatives

A

common carotid and first part of the internal carotid arteries

39
Q

Arch 4 - left side

A

Arch of the aorta from the left common carotid to the left subclavian arteries

40
Q

Arch 4 - right side

A

Right subclavian artery (proximal portion)

41
Q

Arch 6 - left side

A

Left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

42
Q

Arch 6 - right side

A

right pulmonary artery

43
Q

The sinus venosus is the major point of entry into what ??
•Remains paired until the embryo is ___
•Even after the endocardial tubes fuse

A

common atria.

4mm

44
Q

Sinus Venosus

In a 4 mm embryo, there are 3 distinguishable portions ?

A
  • Central (unpaired) portion,
  • Transverse portion
  • Right and left sinus horns
45
Q 
Mid 4th week the sinus venosus receives blood from where?
•Each horn receives blood from 3 veins
•Vitelline vein
•Umbilical vein
•Common Cardinal vein
A

right and left sinus horns

46
Q

Mid 4th week the sinus venosus receives blood from right and left sinus horns
•Each horn receives blood from what 3 veins?

A
  • Vitelline vein
  • Umbilical vein
  • Common Cardinal vein
47
Q

Communication between sinus and atrium is wide open
•Communication will eventually shift to the right
•Caused by what????

A

shift in blood in venous system

•Occurs at about 4-5 weeks

48
Q

Communication between sinus and atrium is wide open
•Communication will eventually shift to the right
•Caused by shift in blood in venous system
•Occurs at what time frame???

A

about 4-5 weeks

49
Q

Communication between sinus and atrium is wide open

•Communication will eventually shift where??

A

to the right
•Caused by shift in blood in venous system
•Occurs at about 4-5 weeks

50
Q

Sinus Venosus
Obliteration of the right umbilical vein and left
vitelline vein
•Occurs what week??

A

5th week

•Left sinus horn loses importance

51
Q

At week 10 the ________ become obliterated

•All that remains of the left sinus horn is the oblique vein of the left atrium and the coronary sinus

A

left common cardinal vein

52
Q

At week 10 the left common cardinal vein become obliterated

•All that remains of the left sinus horn is the what 2 things??

A

oblique vein of the left atrium and the coronary sinus

53
Q

Right Sinus horn
•Shunt of blood left to right enlarges right sinus horn
•Right horn and vein are the only communication between the what two areas??

A

original sinus venosus and the atrium

•Forms the smooth walled part of the right atrium

54
Q

Sinuatrial orifice is the entrance to what?

A

to the common atrium, and it is flanked on each side by valvular folds.

55
Q

Sinuatrial orifice has Right and left venous valves
•Left venous valve fuses with_____
•Superior part of the right venous valve ____
•Inferior part of the right venous valve becomes the valve of ?

A

the atrial septum

disappears

inferior vena cava and the valve of the coronary sinus.

56
Q

Sinuatrial orifice has Right and left venous valves

left venous valve fuses with?

A

the atrial septum

57
Q

Sinuatrial orifice has Right and left venous valves

Superior part of the right venous valve does what?

A

disappears

58
Q

Sinuatrial orifice has Right and left venous valves

Inferior part of the right venous valve becomes the valve of what 2 structures?

A

inferior vena cava and the valve of the coronary sinus.

59
Q

Vitelline veins carry blood where?

A

Carry blood from the yolk sac to the
sinus venosus

(sinus venosus receives these veins)

60
Q

Umbilical veins - start and end?

A

Originate in the chorionic villi and carry
oxygenated blood to the embryo

(sinus venosus receives these veins)

61
Q

Common cardinal veins do what?

A

Drain the body of the embryo

sinus venosus receives these veins

62
Q

In the primitive heart (tube), the left and right sinus horns drain into ?

A

a central sinoatrial orifice

63
Q

In the early stages of vascular development, there are three main groups of veins?

A
  • Vitelline venous system
  • Umbilical venous system
  • Cardinal venous system
64
Q

•Vitelline venous system - enters? gives rise to?

A

Enters the sinus venosus

•Gives rise to the hepatic veins

65
Q

•Umbilical venous system - enters? persists as?

A
  • Enter the sinus venosus lateral to the vitelline veins.

* Persists as the umbilical vein in the term fetus.

66
Q

•Cardinal venous system - enters? forms?

A
  • Enters the sinus venosus lateral/superior to the umbilical veins
  • Forms a large complex network of veins throughout the body
67
Q

the subcardinohepatic anastomosis, was once what?

10mm Embryo

A

right umbilical vein

68
Q

In a 14mm embryo the left sinus horn has separated from the right and will eventually become what?

A

the coronary sinus

69
Q

In a 14mm embryo, the right side of the subcardinal venous system is developing into the principle venous channels to the heart from where?

A

the lower body

70
Q

17mm Embryo
The upper limbs are now drained by veins which empty into the anterior cardinal veins.
•The major portions of the posterior cardinal veins have disappeared
•There is even greater demand on which vein???

A

the right subcardinal vein

71
Q

24mm Embryo
The anterior cardinal veins now have a channel between them – which is what?.
•These cardinal veins will drain the entire head and upper extremities

A

the left brachiocephalic vein

72
Q

24mm Embryo
The anterior cardinal veins now have a channel between them (L brachiocephalic vein)
•These cardinal veins will drain what part of the body??

A

the entire head and upper extremities

73
Q

24mm Embryo
The subcardinal veins have completely fused
•Make up a large portion of what will become the ______?
•There are now clear venous channels to the kidneys and adrenal glands.

A

inferior vena cava

Peds (Exam 2 - Embryology) (4 decks)

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