Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Peds (Exam 2 - Embryology) > Topic 5 & 6 Cardiac > Flashcards

Topic 5 & 6 Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Fertilization occurs in the ampullary region of the fallopian tube
Sperm + Oocyte = Zygote
undergoes cell divisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the zygote reach 2 cell stage?

A

about 30 hours post fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the zygote reach 4 cell stage ?

A

at about 40 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does the zygote reach 12-16 cell stage?

A

at about 72 hours (3 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The very first cells are called what?

A

Cells are called Blastomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

After the 3rd cleavage, cells have maximized contact with each other and they ttart to undergo what?

A

Compaction

Cells separate into inner and outer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

16 cell stage-called what?

A

Morula

Had defined inner and outer cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Morula has defined what?

A

Had defined inner and outer cells.
Inner cells = inner cell mass (will become the embryo)
Outer cells = outer cell mass (will become the
trophoblasts, which will be the placenta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Morula makes its way into the uterus, enlarges and becomes a what?

A

Blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many days after fertilization does implantation occur?

A

6 day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What time frame can fertilization occur?

A

12-24 hours after ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Morula enters uterine cavity
Fluid penetrates into the intercellular spaces of Inner Cell Mass.
Spaces become what?

A

a single cavity Blastocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Morula enters uterine cavity
Fluid penetrates into the intercellular spaces of Inner Cell Mass.
What is the Embryo called at this point?

A

Embryo is called a Blastocyst at this point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blastocyst is comprised of what 3 layers?

A

Trophoblast
Blastocele
Embryoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trophoblast

A

outer covering
Formed from cells of the outer cell mass.
Cells flatten and eventually form the epithelial wall of the blastocyst
[BLASTOCYST layer]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blastocele

A

Internal fluid filled space

[BLASTOCYST layer]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Embryoblast

A

Located at one pole

[BLASTOCYST layer]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Trophoblast and part of inner cell mass will become?

A

become the placenta

blastocyst is in the cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blastocyst remains free in the uterus for how long?

A

2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When implantation occurs - Trophpblastic cells go where?

A

Trophoblastic cells over the embryoblast pole penetrate between the epithelial cells of the uterine wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When implantation occurs - Blastocyst cells go where?

A

Blastocyst attaches to uterine epithelium, and subsequently the endometrium
Oriented so the inner cell mass is near the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At day 8 the Blastocyst is partially embedded

The Trophoblast cells over the embryoblast differentiate into what 2 layers?

A

Syncytiotrophoblast–multi-nucleated, outer zone no cell boundries
Cytotrophoblast –mononucleated cells, inner layer distinct cells
Both layers become part of the chorion
(one of the fetal membranes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synctiotrophoblast -

A

multi-nucleated, outer zone no cell boundries

[blastocyst partially embedded day 8, outer trophoblast]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cytotrophoblast

A

mononucleated cells, inner layer distinct cells

[blastocyst partially embedded day 8, outer trophoblast]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At day 8 the Blastocyst is partially embedded

Inner cell mass–embryoblast, differentiates into what?

A

Hypoblast layer - Layer of small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cavity
Epiblast layer -Layer of high columnar cells adjacent to amniotic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hypoblast

A

Layer of small cuboidal cells adjacent to the blastocyst cavity

[blastocyst partially embedded day 8m, inner cell mass]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Epiblast

A

Layer of high columnar cells adjacent to amniotic cavity

[blastocyst partially embedded day 8, inner cell mass]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Day 11-12 – Completely embedded
Cells of the Synctiotrophoblasts do what?
Capillaries are congested and dilated
Called Sinusoids

A

penetrate deeper into endothelial lining of maternal capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Day 11-12 – Completely embedded

Capillaries are congested and dilated – what are they called?

A

Called Sinusoids

30
Q

Day 11-12 – When completely embedded it causes blood to flow through the trophoblastic system, what is this the beginning of ?

A

Beginning of the uteroplacental circulation

31
Q

Cytotrophoblast proliferates to form what 2 layers?

A

Amnion - Thin Protective membrane that surrounds the developing embryo.
Amniotic Cavity -Space, eventually filled with fluid.

32
Q

Amnion

A

Thin Protective membrane that surrounds the developing embryo.
[CYTOTROPHOBLAST]

33
Q

Gastrulation starts when?

A

starts at Day 8.

34
Q

What is Gastrulation?

A

Process for establishing 3 germ layers, ICM differentiates.

  • Ectoderm
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm
35
Q

The 3 germ layers for Gastrulation do what?

A

These are the major embryonic tissues from which all tissues and organs of the body develop.

36
Q

Gastrulation Starts with the formation of

what on the epiblast?

A

the primitive streak

By day 15-16, it is clearly visible as a narrow groove

37
Q

Cells of the epiblast migrate to the primitive streak

Arrive and become like what? and do what?

A

“flask-like”

Detach from epiblast and slip beneath it

38
Q

Epiblast is the source of the germ layers.

Inward movement causes what?

A

cause invagination

39
Q

Cells that displace the hypoblast?

during invagination

A

Creates Endoderm

40
Q

Others lie between the epiblast and the new endoderm are called?
(during invagination)

A

Mesoderm

41
Q

Cells remaining in the epiblast are called?

during invagination

A

Ectoderm

42
Q

Inner Cell Mass now called an Embryonic Disc as what starts to form?

(after invagination

A

amniotic cavity starts to form

43
Q

Inner Cell Mass now called an Embryonic Disc as amniotic cavity starts to form.
–Layer of cells of the inner cell mass closest to the amniotic cavity?

A

Ectoderm

44
Q

Inner Cell Mass now called an Embryonic Disc as amniotic cavity starts to form
–layers of inner cell mass that borders the blastocele

A

Endoderm

45
Q

Inner Cell Mass now called an Embryonic Disc as amniotic cavity starts to form
–Lies inbetween the ectoderm and endoderm.

A

Mesoderm

46
Q

Ectoderm Becomes:

A

Skin, teeth, mouth glands, nervous system, some endocrine glands.

47
Q

Endoderm Becomes:

A

Epithelium of digestive tract, respiratory system, bladder, vagina, urethra

48
Q

Mesoderm Becomes:

A

All connective tissue, the muscular, skeletal, lymphatic, and circulatory systems

49
Q

Cardiovascular System appears around when?

A

in the middle of the 3rd week.

At this point the embryo is no longer able to survive via diffusion alone

50
Q

The Cardiovascular System reaches a functional state when compared to others?

A

long before any of the other systems

51
Q

Vascular system develops from a simple symmetrical plexus, into what?

A

an asymmetrical complex system of arteries, veins and capillaries.

52
Q

Progenitor Heart Cells Lie where?

A

in the Epiblast

Adjacent to the cranial end of the primitive streak

53
Q

Progenitor Heart Cells move through the primitive streak and into what?

A

splanchnic layer of the mesoderm

54
Q

What cells form the Primitive Heart Field (PHF)?

A

Progenitor Heart Cells

Form a horse-shoe shaped cluster of cells

55
Q

Primitive Heart Field (PHF): Specified on both sides to become:

A

Atria, LV, RV, Conus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus

— Conus and Truncus come from the Secondary Heart field and show up around Day 20-21

56
Q

Progenitor Heart Cells will form what 2 things?

A

blood islands and cardiac myoblasts

These will form blood cells and blood vessels

57
Q

Blood islands unite and form what?

A

a horse-shoe shaped tube Endothelial cell lined
Surrounded by myoblasts

More blood islands appear bilaterally, parallel and close to the midline.
–Will form dorsal aortas

58
Q

Intraembryonic Celom (Body Cavity) formed how?

A

Formed by the joining of small (initially isolated) spaces which appear in the lateral mesoderm

59
Q

Intraembryonic Celom (Body Cavity) Bilateral cavities extend which way? and form what?

A

cranially and fuse with each other forming a horseshoe-shaped cavity

60
Q

Intraembryonic Celom (Body Cavity) eventually becomes what?

A

pericardial cavity

61
Q

Heart development starts and occurs where?

A

at the end of the 3rd week of gestation.

Occurs in the ventral region of the embryo, inferior to the foregut.

62
Q

Scattered masses of angiogenic cells appear in the ______ derived from PHF.
Occurs where?

A 
mesenchyme
Occurs ventral (in front of) the intraembryonic celom
63
Q

(Blood Islands) Scattered masses of angiogenic cells in the mesenchyme —
Anterior part of the celom will develop the what?

A

the pericardial cavity

64
Q

Angiogenic cells form clusters (Blood Islands) which do what?

A

increase in size and number.

Acquire a lumen, unite and form a plexus of blood vessels

65
Q

Angiogenic cells form clusters (Blood Islands that acquire a lumen, unite and form a plexus of blood vessels – from this plexus what develop?

A

bilateral endocardial tubes develop.

66
Q

The Endocardial tubes unite to form a?

A

common tube Primitive Heart Tube

67
Q

By Day 21-22, the single heart tube does what?

A

starts to beat

68
Q

Heart tube continues to elongate – Cells are added from the secondary heart field to the cranial end of the tube, this process is essential for normal formation of what 4 things?

A
  • Part of the RV, the Conus Cordis and the Truncus Arteriosus
  • Also essential for looping
69
Q

Heart tube continues to elongate – Cells are added from the secondary heart field to the cranial end of the tube, If lengthening doesn’t occur, this is where outflow tract defects come from – Examples (5)

A

DORT, VSD, TOF, PA, PS

70
Q

While the heart tube is elongating, Other blood islands appear inferior to the
endocardial tubes, Eventually give rise to what, which will do what?

A

dorsal aortas
Will connect with the endocardial tubes
Establish the arterial end of the heart

71
Q

Other end of the future endocardial tubes will make contact with the ________ and establish a venous pole.

A

vitelline veins (via the sinus venosus)

Peds (Exam 2 - Embryology) (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions