Topic 7 - Pulmonary Disease 2

Question 1

Emphysema

Answer 1

Defined by post mortum: permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles and destruction of alveolar walls
Aetiology: smoking (centriacinar, upper lobes-apical)
a1 antitrypsin deficient (panacinar - entire
acinus)
Doesnt manifest until 1/3 of lung parenchyma damaged
Death results from
- type 2 resp failure
- right sided heart failure
- pneumothorax

Question 2

S+S of emphysema

Answer 2

• progressive dyspnoea (chronic)
• weight loss - energy used up by making lungs breathe
• high CO2
• ↑ WOB
• hunched posture - recruit accessory muscles of breathing by splinting ams straight and leaning forward
  abs contents also fall against diagram creating dome shape so its at improved mech adv to contract and descend

Question 3

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 3

Defined clinically: persistent cough w sputum production for at least 3 months in 2 consec years in absence of any other identifiable cause
Aetiology: chronic irritation by inhaled substance (90% cig)