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Geography > Topic 7 - People And The Biosphere > Flashcards

Topic 7 - People And The Biosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

Ecosystem

A

Made up of all living and non living things in an area and their interactions

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2
Q

Flora

A

Plants

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3
Q

Fauna

A

Animals

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4
Q

Biome

A

Large scale global ecosystems with distinctive vegetations

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5
Q

How does climate affect biomes

A

The climate in the area determines what type of biome forms

E.g. deserts are found on each of the tropics. Found 30° north and south so the pressure is high so dry weather

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6
Q

Why are biomes where they are?

A

Temperature and precipitation are the main factors affecting what grows in the biome

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7
Q

Tropical rainforest biome

A

Year round high temperatures and high precipitation
Occurs at equator
Wet and warm

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8
Q

Hot desert biome

A

Occurs around the tropics (30° north and south of the equator)
High pressure - dry weather
Sunny

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9
Q

Local factors that affect biomes

A

Altitude
Rock type
Soil
Drainage

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10
Q

Altitude

A

Height of an area
Forest biomes decrease with altitude - becoming stunted
E.g. slopes of Kilimanjaro

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11
Q

Rock type

A

Some rocks are more permeable than others
Some rocks are more resistant
These leads to beech trees replacing oak - dominant species can prevent tree growth

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12
Q

Soils

A

Different plants grow in different types of soil
- this affects the biomes and what humans can gain from them
Sandy soil- dry

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13
Q

Drainage

A

Impermeable rocks may lead to waterlogged surfaces

Waterlogging can prevent trees from growing

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14
Q

Biotic

A

Components of a biome that are living parts

- flora, fauna

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15
Q

Abiotic

A

Components of a biome that are non living

- soils, rocks

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16
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the earths surface and atmosphere that is occupied by living organisms

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17
Q

Biological weathering (2)

A

When living things break up the rock

Bird poo guano

18
Q

Living things breaking up rock

A

Tree roots grow into the joints of the rock and break them apart

19
Q

Bird poo- guano

A

Guano contais uric acid - dissolves the rocks when excreted on cliffs

20
Q

Photosynthesis and respiration

A 
Oxygen produced by plants
Oxygen breathed in by animals
Sugar molecules broken down by animals
CO2 released by animals
CO2 taken up by plants
CO2 used by plants to make sugar molecules
21
Q

Nutrient cycle

A

As plants and animals die, their tissues fall into the litter store
As living tissue decomposes, nutrients are transferred to the soil store
Some nutrients are lost from litter by surface run off
Plants take nutrients from the soil
Soil loses nutrients by leaching but gains nutrients from the weathering of the rock beneath it

22
Q

Desert

A

Sand

23
Q

Mediterranean

A

Cork

24
Q

Tundra

A

Snow

25
Q

Coniferous forest

A

Oak

26
Q

Temperate deciduous

A

Mushrooms

27
Q

Temperate grasslands

A

Wicker

28
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Bananas

29
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

Mahogany

30
Q

Food from the biosphere

A

Sustainable harming of fruits, berries and nuts

Fish and meat are part of the biosphere

31
Q

Fuel resources from the biosphere

A

Animal dung is dried and burnt as fuel

Wood from trees ad shrubs

32
Q

Medicine from the biosphere

A

Poppies are a source of the painkiller morphine
Aloe plant has soothing properties
Periwinkle is used to treat lukemia

33
Q

Building materials from the biosphere

A

Tiber essential for construction- comes from trees
Animal dung can be mixed with clay and straw to make bricks
Straw is used for roofing and insulation

34
Q

Tropical rainforests

Positives and negatives

A

Positives

  • 25% of all cancer drug ingredients are found in the rainforest
  • 50% of all species live in the rainforest
  • provides oxygen

Negatives

  • deforestation
  • mining
35
Q

Why demand for resources is rising? (4)

A

Increasing wealth
Urbanisation
Industrialisation
Population growth

36
Q

Increasing wealth

A

Economic development = people getting wealthier

  • more money to spend on food
  • can afford cars, fridges, TVs = all use energy
  • can afford flushing toilets, showers, dishwashers = more water use
37
Q

Urbanisation

A

Urbanisation increases resource consumption

  • Cities tend to be more resource-intensive than rural areas e.g street lights and neon signs = more energy use
  • good and water has to be transported a long way = more energy use
38
Q

Industrialisation

A
  • Manufacturing good e.g cars, chemical and electrical appliances uses a lot of energy
  • Manufacturing also uses a lot of water
    Industrialisation is increasing the production of processed goods
  • this increases the demand for ingredients e.g palm oil
39
Q

Population growth

A

More people require more resources so demand increases

- increased demand for one source increases the demand for another source

40
Q

Malthus’s theory

A
  • Population was increasing faster than supply of resources
  • There would then be too many people for the resources available
  • People would then be killed by catastrophes and the population would return to a level that could be supported by the resources available
41
Q

Boserup’s theory

A
  • People would always produce sufficient resources to meet their needs
  • if resource supplies became limited, people would come up with new ways to increase production e.g technological advances
  • always be enough resources available for the population

Geography (7 decks)

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