Topic 7: P Modulation & Analgisics

Question 1

Analgesics

Answer 1

Blocks all sensations

Question 2

_____ anesthetic causes of unconsciousness

Answer 2

General

Question 3

An epidural anaesthetic is an example of….

Answer 3

Regional block or local anesthesia

Question 4

Can analgesic selectively block pain without blocking other modalities?

Answer 4

Yyyyyeah

Question 5

Tylenol is it’s most common brand name, acting to relieve mild or moderate pain, reduces fever.

Answer 5

What is acetaminophen a.k.a. Paracetamol Alex?

Question 6

NSAID

Answer 6

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 7

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act on peripheral pain processes that are initiated in response to

Answer 7

Tissue injury or inflammation

Question 8

How do you nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work?

Answer 8

The interrupt the formation of prostaglandins

Question 9

Prostaglandins

Answer 9

Any group of fatty acid compounds w varying hormonal like effects

Question 10

Antipyretic

Answer 10

Reduction of fever

Question 11

Three types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingredients

Answer 11

1. ASA acetylsalicylic acid
2. Ibuprofen (A more potent ASA)
3. Naproxen (most potent)

Question 12

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs uses include:

Answer 12

• reduction of mild to moderate pain
• as an antipyretic
• reduction of inflammation
• as a prophylactic for DOMS
• inhibition of blood clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Question 13

Opiates

Answer 13

Drugs derivative from opium poppy containing morphine, codeine, and other substances.

Heroin is the most famous trade name.

Question 14

How opioids work

2 points

Answer 14

1. On a more complex process of CNS transmission and sensory gating.
2. Stimulate descending pain inhibiting pathways

Question 15

Opioids working in the spinal cord

Answer 15

Prevents ascending pain transmission

Presynaptic inhibition

Hyperpolarizes post synaptic neurons.

Question 16

How do opioids prevent ascending pain transmission in the spinal cord?

Answer 16

By decreasing calcium influx and preventing vesicle release, especially of glutamate and substance P

Question 17

How do opioids work in the supraspinal sites?

Answer 17

Increases production of descending pain inhibitor neurons

Question 18

Which part of the supraspinal sites is stimulated by opioids to increase production of descending pain inhibitors?

Answer 18

PAG (pre-aqueductal Gray) of the midbrain

Question 19

How do opioids work in the limbic system?

Answer 19

Affects emotional experience of pain

Question 20

A natural opiate like chemical and neurotransmitter found in the CNS and G.I. tract.

Answer 20

Enkephalins

Question 21

An area in the mid brain that is involved with regulation of pain

Answer 21

PAG

Preaqueductal grey

Question 22

The regulatory cells in the PAG are turned on by receiving which chemical?

Answer 22

Enkephalins

Question 23

How do opioids work in the PAG of the midbrain?

Answer 23

The PAG contain receptors for opiate peptides (ENKEAPHALINS), so injections of morphinelike substances can reduce pain by turning on the PAG neurons in the midbrain