Topic 7: P Modulation & Analgisics Flashcards
Analgesics
Blocks all sensations
_____ anesthetic causes of unconsciousness
General
An epidural anaesthetic is an example of….
Regional block or local anesthesia
Can analgesic selectively block pain without blocking other modalities?
Yyyyyeah
Tylenol is it’s most common brand name, acting to relieve mild or moderate pain, reduces fever.
What is acetaminophen a.k.a. Paracetamol Alex?
NSAID
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act on peripheral pain processes that are initiated in response to
Tissue injury or inflammation
How do you nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work?
The interrupt the formation of prostaglandins
Prostaglandins
Any group of fatty acid compounds w varying hormonal like effects
Antipyretic
Reduction of fever
Three types of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ingredients
- ASA acetylsalicylic acid
- Ibuprofen (A more potent ASA)
- Naproxen (most potent)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs uses include:
- reduction of mild to moderate pain
- as an antipyretic
- reduction of inflammation
- as a prophylactic for DOMS
- inhibition of blood clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation
Opiates
Drugs derivative from opium poppy containing morphine, codeine, and other substances.
Heroin is the most famous trade name.
How opioids work
2 points
- On a more complex process of CNS transmission and sensory gating.
- Stimulate descending pain inhibiting pathways
Opioids working in the spinal cord
Prevents ascending pain transmission
Presynaptic inhibition
Hyperpolarizes post synaptic neurons.
How do opioids prevent ascending pain transmission in the spinal cord?
By decreasing calcium influx and preventing vesicle release, especially of glutamate and substance P
How do opioids work in the supraspinal sites?
Increases production of descending pain inhibitor neurons
Which part of the supraspinal sites is stimulated by opioids to increase production of descending pain inhibitors?
PAG (pre-aqueductal Gray) of the midbrain
How do opioids work in the limbic system?
Affects emotional experience of pain
A natural opiate like chemical and neurotransmitter found in the CNS and G.I. tract.
Enkephalins
An area in the mid brain that is involved with regulation of pain
PAG
Preaqueductal grey
The regulatory cells in the PAG are turned on by receiving which chemical?
Enkephalins
How do opioids work in the PAG of the midbrain?
The PAG contain receptors for opiate peptides (ENKEAPHALINS), so injections of morphinelike substances can reduce pain by turning on the PAG neurons in the midbrain
