Topic 7 - Memory

Question 1

What is procedural memory?

Answer 1

skills and associations largely unavailable to the concious mind.

Question 2

What is declarative memory?

Answer 2

Available to the conscious mind. Can be encoded in symbols and language.

Question 3

What is explicit memory?

Answer 3

memory than can be consciously recalled

Question 4

what is implicit memory?

Answer 4

memory that cannot be consciously recalled (can be procedural memory, classical conditioning or priming)

Question 5

How do we know the temporal lobe is used in memory?

Answer 5

Temporal lobectomy – patient HM:

• 8 cm of the medial temporal lobe was removed
• Intelligence, personality, etc. was intact
• Extreme anterograde amnesia
• Electrical stimulation = hallucination and recollection of past experiences
• Epileptic seizures = complex sensations and memories

Question 6

Why is the Hippocampus essential for memory?

Answer 6

• is essential for converting short to long term memory.
• declarative
• Hippocampal lesions can cause memory loss
• Has 3 layed cortex – inputs from entorhinal coretex and beyond.

Question 7

What is LTP?

how does LTP occur?

Answer 7

LTP = long term potentiation

• post - ‘tentanic’ LTP
• high frequency burst

Occurs when trafficking of AMPA receptors to the postsynaptic changes.

Question 8

What is LTD?

Answer 8

Long term depression

Question 9

Aplysia Californica - have a gill withdrawal reflex.

What happens in short-term habituation and sensitisation?

Answer 9

Repeated gentle stimuli to siphon causes gills to withdraw - habituation

Pair single tail pinch (aversive) with siphon touch - re-establishes siphon reflex and is short term

Question 10

Aplysia Californica - have a gill withdrawal reflex.

What happens in long term-sensitisation?

Answer 10

• Repeated pairing of siphon touch and tail pinch

* Long-term, non-habituating siphon / gill reflex