Topic 7 Key terms Flashcards
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an organism
Phenotype
The expression of the gene and its interaction with the environment
Homozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene
Heterozygous
A pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene
Dominant allele
An allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype
Recessive allele
An allele only expressed if no dominant allele is present
Codominant
Both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype
Sex linkage
A gene whose locus is on the x chromosome
Multiple alleles
More than two alleles for a single gene
Autosomal linkage
Genes that are located on the same chromosome (not the sex chromosome)
Epistasis
When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus
Monohybrid
Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene
Dihybrid
Genetic inheritance cross for a characteristic determined by two genes
Gene pool
All the alleles of all the genes within a population
Population
All the individuals of one species in one area at one time that can interbreed to make fertile offspring
Allele frequency
The proportion of an allele within the gene pool
Speciation
The process that results in the creation of new species
Genetic drift
The change in the allele frequency within a population between generations
Habitat
Part of an ecosystem in which particular organisms live
Community
All the populations of different species in the same area at the same time
Ecosystem
A community and the non-living components of an environment
Niche
An organisms role within an ecosystem
Carrying capacity
The maximum population size an ecosystem can support
Abiotic factors
Non living conditions of an ecosystem
Biotic factors
Living conditions of an ecosystem
Succession
The change in an ecological community over time
