Topic 7 Ideology and Science Flashcards
What does popper say an open belief system is?
Popper says science is open belief system in which every scientist is open to criticisms and testing and falsificationism
Never 100% truth
What benefits and downfalls are there of science?
Revolutionising economic productivity and raising standards of living
Problems such as pollution, global warming.
Explain predict and control world in ways non-scientific belief systems cannot do
What is Puritanism and what attitudes and values were created by the protestent reformation?
Values crates by Protestant reformation.. Especially Puritanism (this worldly approach) led to appricwtion of God work whilst stressing welfare.. Attracted by fact science could produce inventions to improve life, Merton argues science needs CUDOS
What are CUDOS norms?
Communism.. Science isn’t private they must share so it can grow
Universalism.. Truth or falsity is judged universally
Disinterestedness.. Commitment to discovering knowledge for its own sake
Organised scepticism.. No knowledge is regarded as sacred, all opened to questioning
Closed belief systems are..
Religion has perfect knowledge of truth, it’s sacred and hold it to gods Devine authority, cannot be challenged.
Azande witchcraft is an closed belief system.. Explain it
Azande believe natural events have caused that aren’t coincidence or chafe, eg snake bit me because jealous neighbour witchcraft against me.
Injured makes accusation against witch and his may be resolved by princes magic poison oracle.
Belief system clears air, prevents grudges, reduces accusation.
Science as a close system.. Explain by Kuhs terms
Kuhn argues for paradigms that engage in normal science has broad outlines and they fill in details, those who do are rewarded with grants, professions etc..
Those who don’t comply aren’t considered a scientist= closed belief
Until scientific revolution
How can science see as constructed?
Constructed rather than truth as using resources through inventions such as telescopes, make new observations and construct ideas,, construction is far from natural world they study
Ideology can be a belief system, note some key words related to this.
Marxism ideology Exploitation Legitimising Classless communist societ Hegemony gramsci Capitalism overthrow
How do feminists see ideologies?
Feminists see gender equality such as division and patriarchal ideology as legitimising it.
Patriarchal ideologies in science, such as nurture role etc
Religious beliefs see and define women as inferior as impure and unclean from child birth and mensturation
How does Manhieim see belief systems?
1 sided with 1 classes interests leading to:
1) ideological thought: justifies hints how they are
2) utopian thought, justification of social change, reflects position and interest of underprivileged and offered Vision of how society can be organised differently
How can individuals been detached from the groups they represent?
Create free floating intelligentsia standing above conflict, free from representing certain interests they can synthesise elements of differ ideologies and Utopias and total world view would be seen
Who are the key theorists in ideology and science
Popper Merton Kuhn Mannhieim Marx
