Topic 5 Religon In Global Context Flashcards
How has globalisation led to consumerism in Hinduism?
Globalisation creates scientifically educated urban middle class in India.
St predicts these to be the first to abandon religion in favour of secular world view. Only 5% said their religiosity had declines and in the last 5 years 30% said they are more religious, increased interest can be seen in religious tourism
Middle class religiosity seems to be attracted in wha was once low status village gods worshiped by poor as this is more responsive to people’s needs
What does Nanda note about Hindusim and consumerism?
Nanda rejects poverty and existential insecurity as they aren’t poor, Indians are optimistic about opportunities globalisation brings to the,,their increasing religiosity is result of ambivalence to their new found wealth eg. Paying for rituals
What is ultra-nationalism Hinduism and who looks at it?
Nanda sees 93% agree with ‘ouR people aren’t perfect but our culture is superior’
Superiority of Hindu value led to success in the global market.
Worshiping Hindu gods is some as worshiping nation of religion = civil religion
Hinduism penetrated public life, state is increasingly influenced by religion eg. Astrology taught as academic subject
Explain capitalism East Asia..
East Asian ‘tiger economies’ eg. South Korea have been industrialised and players in global economy. The success of capitalism has led to religion being similar to Calvanism in the development of capitalism
Wha does Redding say about capitalism between Chinese entrepreneurs?
Capitalism between Chinese entrepreneurs is post-Confucian values encouraging hard work, self so spline and commitment to self improvement leads to economic productivity and capital accumulation
What does Berger say about Pentecostalism in Latin America?
Berger argues Pentecostalism acts as functional equivalent t to Protestant ethic. It encourages development of capitalism these,e way Calvinism did.
Ascetic life leads to work ethic, pro,opting economic development.
Religious ideas aren’t enough, also need resources.
Eg. Brazil lacks resources, in the south they have work ethic and resources = developing
What is fundamentalism and cosmopolitanism according to Giddens?
Fundamentalists are traditionalists who seek to return back to basis of their faiths.
Fundamentalism is reaction to globalisation.
Cosmopolitanism embraces modernity, new Ideas and belief’s and life is seen as personal choice
What are responses to postmodernity according to bauman and castells?
Bauman sees fundamentalism as response to PM as risk and choice
Castells distinguishes 2 responses 1) resistant identity (feel threatened and retreat to fundamentalism) and 2) project identity looks and engages with social movements such as feminism
Criticisms of Giddens, bauman and castells..
Distinguish to sharply between Cosmo and fund.
Lump all fundamentalist types together ignores differences
Argues f is reaction to modernity, ignores reinventing tradition is also modern
What are 2 different fundamentalist movements and what does Bruce say about monotheism?
Bruce sees fundamentalism as reaction of globalising world threading their beliefs, they develop rigid rules. Confined to monotheistic religions (specific rules to follow in bible etc)
1) West: fundamentalism is reaction to change in society eg. Trend to diversity
2) in3rd world, fundamentalism is reaction to. To changes being thrust upon society from outside eg. Islamic revolution (resistance to state etc)
Bruce sees religion as functional cultural defence explain Poland and Irans CD
Poland: in 45, poland under communist Soviet Union, Catholic Church suppressed but embodied national identity. Openly served as opposition to SU through active support = led to solidarity free trade union movement leading to fall of communism in 80s = church regain public role
Iran: western capitalist oil companies, overthrow of democratic government to pro western regime, in 60s policy of banning vail and replacing Muslim Callander with Persian empire. Change caused suffering, revolution brought creation of Islamic Republic which held state power
Who are main sociologists in religion in global context
Nanda redding Berger Giddens bauman castells Bruce
How has globalisation led to religious belief in India
Globalisation brought rapid economic growth which has seen India as important in the world political stage.
85% believe in Hinduism and they legitimise both the rise of a new ultra-nationalism and the propensity of Indian middle class
