Topic 7 - Genetics, Populations, Evolution And Ecosystems

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

Genetic constitution of an organism ( the alleles it has for a gene)

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The expression of the genes and its interaction with the environment

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

Pair of homologous chromosomes carrying the same alleles for a single gene

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Pair of homologous chromosomes carrying two different alleles for a single gene

Question 5

Recessive allele

Answer 5

Allele only expressed if no dominant allele is present

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

Allele that will always be expressed in the phenotype

Question 7

Codominant

Answer 7

Both alleles are equally dominant and expressed in the phenotype

Question 8

Multiple alleles

Answer 8

More than two alleles for a single gene

Question 9

Sex linkage

Answer 9

A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome

Question 10

Autosomal linkage

Answer 10

Genes that are located on the same chromosomes (not the sex chromosomes)

Question 11

Epistasis

Answer 11

When one gene modifies or masks the expression of a different gene at a different locus

Question 12

Mono hybrid

Answer 12

Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by one gene

Question 13

Dihybrid

Answer 13

Genetic inheritance cross of a characteristic determined by two genes

Question 14

Gene pool

Answer 14

All the alleles of all the genes within a population at one time

Question 15

Population

Answer 15

All the individuals of one species in one area at one time that can interbreed to make fertile offspring

Question 16

Allele frequency

Answer 16

The proportion of an allele within a gene pool

Question 17

Hardy Weinberg Equation

Answer 17

pSquared+2pq+qSquared=1
p = frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
pSquared = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
qSquared = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype