topic 7- evolution

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

the changes of organisms over generations as a result of genomic variation

Question 2

natural selection

Answer 2

the non-random increase in frequency of DNA sequences to increase survival and the non- random reduction in the frequency of deleterious sequences

Question 3

stabilising

Answer 3

an average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype range are selected against- remains unchanged

Question 4

directional

Answer 4

one extreme of the phenotype range is selected for- moves towards an extreme

Question 5

disruptive

Answer 5

2 or more phenotypes are selected for and population becomes split into 2 distinct groups

Question 6

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 6

transferred between individuals in the same generation

Question 7

vertical gene transfer

Answer 7

transferred from parent to offspring as a result of sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 8

species

Answer 8

a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Question 9

speciation

Answer 9

the generation of new biological species by evolution as a result of isolation, mutation and selection

Question 10

allopatric

Answer 10

one population split by sea/river/mountain into 2 separate ranges that then evolves into 2 species

Question 11

sympatric

Answer 11

one population evolves into 2 species despite living in same range