Topic 7 - Demography Flashcards
What is demography?
The study of populations and how they change
Factors affecting the total population of a country?
Birth rate
Infant mortality rate
Mortality rate
Life expectancy
Reasons for the long term decline in fertility rates:
There was a high infant mortality rate so women had more children - not the case anymore
Women has more children as they were an economic asset
Reasons for the decline in birth rate:
Contraception
Rising costs of having children
Changing position of women
Changing values
Effect/consequences of a declining fertility rate:
Positives: Reduced burden of childcare means women can stay in employment
Other effects: Falling family size, increase single person households
Negatives of a declining fertility rate
Increase in dependency ratio
Rising average age of population
Shortages of working age in the long term
What is the death rate?
Number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
Reasons for a declining death rate and increased life expectancy:
Improved hygiene and sanitation
Higher living standards
NHS and welfare
Improved working conditions
Education of healthcare
Implications of a ageing population?
Strain on public services
Increase in one-person households
Increase in dependency ratio
How has an ageing population affecting household types?
More beanpole and extended families
More neo-conventional families
More lone-person households
Positive consequences of an ageing population
Less crime
Family support
More social cohesions and community involvement
Patterns of migration 1900-2000
1930-45s - refugees fled to Britain to escape the Nazi’s
1950s+1960s widespread immigration of British subjects from former British colonies
1960s+70s South Asians and Africans encourages by Britain as there were labour shortages
Migration affecting families and gender roles
Increased the number of families where women perform traditional, domestic roles
Led to the increase in matrifocal families
