Topic 7- Animal Coordination, Control And Homeostasis

Question 1

What are hormones

Answer 1

• they’re chemicals released directly into the blood

- they only affect particular cells, in particular organs (called target organs)

Question 2

Where are hormones produced

Answer 2

• hormones are produced (and secreted by)various glands

- glands are called endocrine glands

Question 3

Describe the pituitary gland

Answer 3

• it produces many hormones that regulate body conditions

- often called the ‘master gland’ because the hormones act on other glands

Question 4

Describe the thyroid gland

Answer 4

• it produces thyroxine, that regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate and body temp.

Question 5

Describe the adrenal glands

Answer 5

• produces (secretes) adrenaline

- that’s used to prepare the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response

Question 6

Describe the pancreas

Answer 6

• it secretes insulin, that’s used to regulate the blood glucose level

Question 7

Describe the testes (endocrine system)

Answer 7

• they produce testosterone, which controls puberty and sperm production in males

Question 8

Describe the ovaries (endocrine system)

Answer 8

• they produce oestrogen, which is involved in the menstrual cycle

Question 9

Difference s between neurones and hormones

Answer 9

Neurones

• fast acting
• it last a short time
• acts on a precise area

Hormones

• slower action
• it lasts for a long time
• acts in a more general way

Question 10

Describe how adrenaline works

Answer 10

• causes heart muscles to contract more frequently and w/ more force — heart rate and blood pressure increases
• increases blood flow to muscles, so cells receive more oxygen and glucose for increased respiration
• adrenaline binds to liver receptors — so it breaks down its glycogen stores to release glucose
• increases blood glucose level, so there’s more glucose in blood transported to the cells