Topic 7 Flashcards
Gland
Group of cells that produces and releases one or more substances through secretion
Purpose of endocrine system
Control functions that do not need instant response
Pituratry gland
Makes FSH and LH
Thyroid
Produces thyroxine
Pancreas
Produces insulin
Adrenal glands
Produces adrenaline
Testes
Produces testosterone
Ovaries
Produces oestrogen
Affects of adrenaline
Increased heart rate and breathing rate
Diversion of blood to muscles
Dialation of blood vessels
Insulin production
Too high glucose:
Pancreas’s produces insulin
Stimulates muscles and liver to take up glucose in blood and store as glycogen
Too low glucose:
Pancreas produces glucagon
Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted into glucose
Role of progesterone
Maintains pregnancy by
Maintaining the uterus lining to cushion fertilised egg and allow it to develop
Thyroxine
Low levels of thyroxine stimulate the production of TRH in the hypothalamus
The TRH stimulates the production of TSH from the pituitary gland this
Causes teh secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid
When thyroxine levels return to normal TRH is inhibited
Stopping the production of TSH and the further release of thyroxine
Menstation
Loss of lining from uterus at start of every cycle if no fertilisation has occurred
Ovulation
Occurs around day 14 the egg travels down the oviduct towards the uterus
FSH
Causes maturation of egg in ovary
LH
Stimulates release of egg
The menstrual cycle hormones
Pituitary gland produces FSH which at the development of a foccile in the ovary
Which stimulates the production of oestrogen from the foccile
Oestrogen causes growth and repair of the uterus lining and inhibits the production of FSH
Oestrogen stimulates the production of LH
Which causes ovulation
The foccile becomes a corpus luteum and starts producing progesterone
If fertilisation does not occur progesterone is stopped causing mestruation
Contraceptive pill
Raise levels of progesterone and oestrogen
Mimicks hormone levels of pregnant women
Meaning LH is inhibited and FSH
So no egg is released or fertilised
Clomifene
Stimulates egg maturation and ovulation
Causing more hormones of FSH and LH to be released
Can be expensive
Can be used to treat infertility
Can cause multiple births
IVF treatment
Gives mother FSH and lh to stimulate maturation of several eggs
Eggs are collected and fertilised by furthers sperm in lab
Eggs develop into embryo
Embryos inserted into womb
Type 1 diabetes
The pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin
Type 2
Insulin resistance
Carbs and insulin
Carbs cause over production of insulin
