Topic 7

Question 1

Gland

Answer 1

Group of cells that produces and releases one or more substances through secretion

Question 2

Purpose of endocrine system

Answer 2

Control functions that do not need instant response

Question 3

Pituratry gland

Answer 3

Makes FSH and LH

Question 4

Thyroid

Answer 4

Produces thyroxine

Question 5

Pancreas

Answer 5

Produces insulin

Question 6

Adrenal glands

Answer 6

Produces adrenaline

Question 7

Testes

Answer 7

Produces testosterone

Question 8

Ovaries

Answer 8

Produces oestrogen

Question 9

Affects of adrenaline

Answer 9

Increased heart rate and breathing rate
Diversion of blood to muscles
Dialation of blood vessels

Question 10

Insulin production

Answer 10

Too high glucose:
Pancreas’s produces insulin
Stimulates muscles and liver to take up glucose in blood and store as glycogen

Too low glucose:
Pancreas produces glucagon
Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted into glucose

Question 11

Role of progesterone

Answer 11

Maintains pregnancy by
Maintaining the uterus lining to cushion fertilised egg and allow it to develop

Question 12

Thyroxine

Answer 12

Low levels of thyroxine stimulate the production of TRH in the hypothalamus
The TRH stimulates the production of TSH from the pituitary gland this
Causes teh secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid
When thyroxine levels return to normal TRH is inhibited
Stopping the production of TSH and the further release of thyroxine

Question 13

Menstation

Answer 13

Loss of lining from uterus at start of every cycle if no fertilisation has occurred

Question 14

Ovulation

Answer 14

Occurs around day 14 the egg travels down the oviduct towards the uterus

Question 15

FSH

Answer 15

Causes maturation of egg in ovary

Question 16

LH

Answer 16

Stimulates release of egg

Question 17

The menstrual cycle hormones

Answer 17

Pituitary gland produces FSH which at the development of a foccile in the ovary
Which stimulates the production of oestrogen from the foccile
Oestrogen causes growth and repair of the uterus lining and inhibits the production of FSH
Oestrogen stimulates the production of LH
Which causes ovulation
The foccile becomes a corpus luteum and starts producing progesterone
If fertilisation does not occur progesterone is stopped causing mestruation

Question 18

Contraceptive pill

Answer 18

Raise levels of progesterone and oestrogen
Mimicks hormone levels of pregnant women
Meaning LH is inhibited and FSH
So no egg is released or fertilised

Question 19

Clomifene

Answer 19

Stimulates egg maturation and ovulation
Causing more hormones of FSH and LH to be released
Can be expensive
Can be used to treat infertility
Can cause multiple births

Question 20

IVF treatment

Answer 20

Gives mother FSH and lh to stimulate maturation of several eggs
Eggs are collected and fertilised by furthers sperm in lab
Eggs develop into embryo
Embryos inserted into womb

Question 21

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 21

The pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin

Question 22

Type 2

Answer 22

Insulin resistance

Question 23

Carbs and insulin

Answer 23

Carbs cause over production of insulin