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Biology Paper 2 > Topic 6 > Flashcards

Topic 6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

Endothermic

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2
Q

Photosynthesis definition

A

The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

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3
Q

Autotrophs

A

They can make complex molecules from simple molecules

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4
Q

Producers

A

They can make their own food so are the first organism at the start of all food chains

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5
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water ———> glucose + oxygen

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6
Q

Balanced equation for photosynthesis

A

6Co2 + 6H20 ——> C6H12O6 + 6o2

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7
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Light
Temperature
Carbon Dioxide concentration

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8
Q

Temperature limiting factor

A

Effects how much kinetic energy the particles have, determines enzyme activity
Fewer successful collisions occurring between reactants and enzymes
Increased causes increased successful collisions over time
Too high - denature, active site changes shape

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9
Q

Light intensity limiting factor

A

The more light the faster the rate of photosynthesis
Will continue until some other factor prevents rate

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10
Q

Carbon dioxide concentration limiting factor

A

More carbon dioxide the faster the rate of photosynthesis
Trend will continue until other factor limits

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11
Q

What can the number of chloroplasts a plant has be affected by

A

Disease
Lack of nutrients
Loss of leaves

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12
Q

Light distance

A

The further away the light source the lower the rate of photosynthesis
As the distance increases teh light intensity reduces
Thus it is inversely proportional
Inverse square law

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13
Q

Inverse square law

A

Light intensity c— 1\distance 2

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14
Q

Light intensity practical

A

Change the distance of the light source from the plant

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15
Q

Root hair cells

A

Single cell extensions of epidermis cells in the root
Increased surface area to volume ratio
Increase rate of mineral ion absorption through active transport
High proportion of dissolved minerals gives it low water potential, causing a concentration gradient and allowing water to move in through osmosis

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16
Q

Phloem

A

Carry’s dissolved sugars (translocation )
Made of living cells
Has end walls
Has a two way flow

17
Q

Xylem

A

Flow of water (transpiration)
No end walls
No living cells
One way flow
Walls thickened with lignin

18
Q

Stomata

A

Stomata (specifically the guard cells ) control diffusion of gases in and out of leaves
They open and close in a daily rhythm

19
Q

Opening stomata during the day

A

Maintains inwards diffusion of co2 and outward diffusion of oxygen
Allows outwards diffusion of water vapour

20
Q

Closing during the night

A

Reduces rate if transpiration
Conserves water

21
Q

Transpiration simple

A

The loss of water vapour from the parts of the plant that are above the ground
Occurs through evaporation of water at the surfaces of the springy mesophyll cells
Followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata
Large surface are means evaporation occurs rapidly

22
Q

Transpiration in plants important

A

Water mover through xylem vessels in continuous transpiration stream via the stem in order to replace the water lost by transpiration
Due to cohesion the water in the xylem creates a continuous unbroken colum
This produces tension and pulls the water up into the xylem vessels

23
Q

Factors affecting transpiration

A

Air movement
Humidity
Light intensity
Temperature

24
Q

Air movement affecting rate of transpiration

A

High :
Airflow removes water vapour from the air surrounding the leaf which sets up a concentration gradient between the leaf and the air, increasing water loss

25
Q

Humidity

A

When the air is humid it is saturated with more water meaning the concentration gradient is less, so less water is lost

26
Q

Light intensity

A

When light intensity is high the stomata open allowing the water to be lost

27
Q

Temperature

A

Particles have more kinetic energy so transpiration occurs at a faster rate as water molecules evaporate faster

28
Q

Investigating transpiration

A

Bubble photometer
Rate of transpiration = distance moved by bubble divided by time

29
Q

Limitations to potameter

A

Potometer has leak
The plant cutting has a blockage
The optometrist shows no change

Biology Paper 2 (3 decks)

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