Topic 7 Flashcards
how do enzymes function?
suberates bind to the active sites on enzymes to induce conformational changes in the substrate
Induced fit
when the enzyme must change its structure in order to more tightly bind a substrate
how do enzymes effect the rate of reaction
they increase it by reducing the amount of energy needed to activate the reaction
what is a cofactor
a cofactor aids in the reach mech within the active site by supplmentig amino acids with inorganic groups `
what is a co enzyme
it is the same as a co-factor but with organic groups(vitamins)
what are the 3 major ways in which enzymes increase ethe rate of reactions
stabilize the transition state
provide a alternative path for the product formation
Orient the substrates appropriately for the reaction to occur
What does the enzyme active sight provide for the substrate
Ideal chemical and physical envoirment which promotes product formation
what does the active site of a enzyme facilitate
The transition state
when the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme, bonding interactions in the active site encourage the transition to the transition state
Coenzyme-dependent redox reactions
central to the major ATP energy production in the cell found in many of the major pathways (ETC, krebs, light reactions)
Metabolite transformation reactions
essential for anabolic and catabolic pathways (condensation hydrolysis and dehydration)
Reversible covalent modification reactions
Attaching or removing molecular tags on biomolecules to regulate cellular processes (phosphorylation)
Chymotrypsin
serine protease
chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme found in pancreatic juice which hydrolyzes the peptide backboned
what are the 3 things which enzyme function depend on
Con of both the enzyme and substrate
the temp pH and ionic con
the presence or absence of inhibitors
Michaelis Menten consent Km
Indicates how good an enzyme is
Kcat
indicates how fast an enzyme is
