Topic 6 protein function Flashcards
what are the 5 major classes of Functional proteins
Metabolic enzymes
Structural proteins
Transport proteins
Cell signaling proteins
Genomic caretaker proteins
Role of metabolic enzymes
Reaction catalysts which control the metabolic flux
Role of structural proteins
Maintain the integrity of cell structures as well as promoting changes in cell shape when needed
role of Transport proteins
Facilitates the movement of molecules both within and in-between cells
role of cell signaling proteins
Function as molecular switches that transmit intracellular and extracellular signals
role of Genomic caretaker proteins
maintain the integrity and accessibility of genomic information
What is heme
Heme is a protein bound prosthetic group in which a single iron atom is located in the middle of, heme is found in both myoglobin and hemoglobin, its main role is to bind to O
What is needed for O2 binding to a heme group
Histidine groups
how does 02 binding to the heme group cause conformational changes in F helix
When o2 binds to the Fe in the heme group it causes a conformational change from the Puckered to planer conformation, this in turn pulls the His group to be pulled causing the F-helix to shit
T state of Hemoglobin
Deoxy
R state of hemoglobin
Oxy
role of 2,3-BPG
Inhibites the binding of oxygen threw the binding between the B subuints of hemoglobin this stabilizing the T state negating the need for O2
The bohr effect
type of regulation of oxygen binding to hemo,
As pH decrease the affinity hemoglobin has for oxygen decreased, as pH increases the affinity for O2 increases
What type of allosteric regulator is O2 for hemo
Positive
how does the generation of a carbamate group on Val aid in the Bohr effect
The formation of a carbamate group on the terminal Val releases a proton which aids in regulation of o2 biding specifically decreases it
where is 2,3-BPG found
It is found in the center of the heme group due to its negative charge
what occurs to blood and oxygen binding at high altitudes
At high altitudes you will make more 2,3-BPG which increases the O2 unloading in tissues
what is the best explanation` globin gene evolution
gene-duplication
sickle cell disease
Effects the hemoglobin which is found in red blood cells this can result in sickle cell anemia in which a individuals red blood cells are distorted into a sickle shape, this can be caused by a single mutation in the amino acid sequence
what is the presence of the Beta S gene in human genes related to
resistance to malaria
3 majors classes of transport proteins
membrane receptors
membrane bound metabolic enzymes
membrane transport proteins
movement of ions and solutes active vs passive transport
Active–> area of low con to area of low con
Passive–> area of high con to area of low con
which molecules are able to diffuse over a membrane?
Only hydrophobic molecules can passively diffuse threw a membrane compared to polar molecules which need passive or active transport proteins to facilitate movement,
porins vs aquaporins
Porins are passive transport channls for ions and such whereas the aquaproin is for only the transport of water passively
what are the 2 majour types of active transport classes
P-type
ATP binding
what are secondary active transporters
mechanisms which use the potential energy which is found over a electrochemical gradiatent to power the active transport of soultutes over a membrane
what are the 2 major classes of secondary active transporters
Symporter ( shuttles molecules in the same direction of its own diffusion)
Antiporter( shuttles molecules in the opp direction of its own diffusion)
