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physics > topic 6: waves > Flashcards

topic 6: waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

transverse
longitudinal

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2
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

Away for which the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

what is a longitudinal wave

A

Away for which the oscillations are parallel to the direction of the energy transfer

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4
Q

Give two examples of transverse waves

A

electromagnetic waves
seismic s-waves

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5
Q

Give two examples of longitudinal waves

A

sound waves
seismic p-waves

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6
Q

What are the two parts of a longitudinal wave called?

A

compressions and rarefactions

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7
Q

What is a wave amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a pint on a wave from its disturbed position

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8
Q

what is a wavelength?

A

The distance from a point on a wave to the same position on the adjacent wave

Most commonly peak to peak or trough to trough

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9
Q

What is a frequency of the wave?

A

The number of waves that passed a given point each second

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10
Q

what unit is used for frequency?

A

hertz,Hz

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11
Q

What is meant by frequency of 200 HZ?

A

200 waves past a given point each second

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12
Q

What is a wave speed?

A

The speed at which the wave moves or at which energy is transferred through a medium 

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13
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy

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14
Q

what word is used to describe when a wave bounces of a surface 

A

Reflection

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15
Q

How do you sound waves travel through a solid?

A

The particles in a solid vibrate and transferred kinetic energy through the material

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16
Q

What is the frequency range of human hearing?

A

20HZ-20kHz

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17
Q

what are ultrasound waves?

A

Waves which have a frequency higher than the upper limit of human hearing

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18
Q

give an example use for ultrasound waves

A

Medical or industrial imaging

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19
Q

what natural event causes seismic waves to be produced? What types are produced?

A

Earthquakes

They produce both P waves and S waves

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20
Q

State the difference between the mediums that P waves and S waves can travel through

A

P. Waves travel through both solids and liquids.

S waves only travel through solids

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21
Q

what technique is used to detect objects in deep water and measure water depth

A

echo sounding

High frequency sound waves are emitted reflected and detected

Time difference between a mission and detection alongside wave speed are used to calculate distances

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22
Q

what do our bodies emit and absorb?

A

Infrared radiation

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23
Q

what happens to the quantity of infrared radiation emitted by an object as temperature increases?

A

The hotter the object the more infrared radiation it will emit

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24
Q

what is the perfect black body?

A

An object that absorbs all of the radiation that is incident upon it

25
Q

how much radiation does a perfect black body reflect or transmit?

A

None

26
Q

why is a perfect black body the best possible emmiter of radiation?


A

it is a perfect absorber since it absorbs our radiation incident on it

A perfect absorber is also a perfect emmiter

27
Q

Other than the intensity of radiation omitted how does increasing the temperature of an object affect its emissions?

A

The wavelength for distribution of any emission is dependent on the object temperature

28
Q

what can be said about the rates of emission and absorption for a body at constant temperature?

A

The body is absorbing and emitting radiation at the same rate

29
Q

What can be said about the rates of emission and absorbing for a body increasing in temperature?

A

The body it is absorbing radiation faster than it is admitting it

30
Q

Give two factors that affect the temperature of the earth

A

The Earth rate of absorption and emission of radiation

The amount of reflection of radiation into space

31
Q

what type of spectrum do electromagnet waves form?

A

A continuous spectrum

32
Q

Over types of electromagnetic radiation from lowest to highest frequency

A

Radio waves
Microwave
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays

33
Q

how do the speeds of EM radiation differ in a vacuum and in air?

A

Electromagnetic waves or travel at the same speed in a vacuum and in air

34
Q

What property of waves in different mediums causes refraction?

A

velocity

Wave speed is slower in dense materials, causing refraction

35
Q

In which direction do ways refract when entering a dense medium

A

They bend towards the normal

The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence

36
Q

what type of waves can be produced by oscillations in electrical circuit?

A

Radio waves

37
Q

how can radio waves create an alternative current in a circuit?

A

When radio waves are absorbed, they can induce oscillations in a circuit with the same frequency as the waves themselves

38
Q

where do gamma rays originate from?

A

They originate from changes in the nuclei of atoms

39
Q

what health affects can ultraviolet waves cause?

A

It can cause a skin to age prematurely

They can increase the risk of developing skin cancer

40
Q

what effects can x-rays and gamma rays cause

A

they are ionising radiation so can cause mutation in genes

They can lead to increase risk of developing various cancer

41
Q

give three practical uses for infrared radiation

A

electrical heater

Food cooking

Infrared cameras

42
Q

Give two practical duties for microwave radiation

A

satellite communications

Cooking food

43
Q

Two practical uses for radio waves

A

television transmission
Radio transmission

44
Q

What wave phenomenon is used by lenses to form an image?

A

Refraction

45
Q

How does a convex lens form an image?

A

Parallel rays of light are refracted and brought together at a point known as the principle focus

46
Q

what is meant by the focal length of a lens?

A

The distance from the lens to the principal focus

47
Q

what is the difference between the image produced by convex and a concave lens?

A

Convex lenses can produce real or virtual images

Conveyed lenses can only produce virtual images

48
Q

why does magnification not have a unit?

A

It is the ratio between image height and object height

Ratios do not require Units

49
Q

What determines the colour of visible light waves?

A

The wavelength and frequency of the light waves

50
Q

what colour are visible light has the highest frequency

A

Blue

51
Q

What colour are visible light has the largest wavelength

A

red

52
Q

What is meant by the term specular reflection?

A

Reflection from a smooth surface in a single direction

53
Q

what is meant by the term diffuse reflection?

A

Reflection from a rough surface which causes scattering

54
Q

How does a red colour filter Work?

A

A red filter absorbs all wavelength of light other than those in the red range of the spectrum

This means only red light passes through the filter

55
Q

what determines the colour of an opaque object?

A

Different objects reflect different wavelengths of light by different amounts

The wavelengths that are the most strongly reflected determine the colour

56
Q

what happens to the wavelength of light that aren’t reflected by an opaque object?

A

Any wave lengths that aren’t reflected absorbed by the object

57
Q

what colour does an object appear if all wavelengths are reflected by equal amount?

A

White

58
Q

what colour does an object appear if all wavelengths are absorbed?

A

Black

physics (9 decks)

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