energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high potential difference?

A

less thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings

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2
Q

Define the specific heat capacity of a substance

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C

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3
Q

State the units for specific heat capacity

A

j/degrees Celsius/kg

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4
Q

what is the definition of power?

A

The rate of which energy is transferred

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5
Q

Describe the energy changes involved when a ball is thrown upwards and then returns to it starting position

A

upwards:KE is converted to GOE
peak:maximum GPE,zero KE
downwards:GPE is converted to KE

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6
Q

explain why a bungee jumper slows down once the cord begins to stretch

A

Kinetic energy decreases since it is converted to a elastic potential

Since kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared as kinetic energy decreases, so does velocity

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7
Q

give two examples of chemical energy stores

A

Food fuel batteries

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8
Q

State for different stores of energy

A

Kinetic energy, gravitation and potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical energy

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9
Q

State any changes in the total energy of a bar that is kicked, assuming that no external forces act

A

The total energy of the system remains constant due to the conservation of energy

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10
Q

what is waste energy?

A

The energy that is not used by the device for its desired purpose

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11
Q

How can the efficiency of a system be increased?

A

reducing waste output(by lubrication, thermal insulation)

Recycling waste output (recycling thermal waste energy as an input energy)

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12
Q

State the consequence for energy transfer of material with a high thermal conductivity

A

The rate of energy transfer for the material is higher than material with a lower thermal conductivity

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13
Q

Do double glaze windows have a higher or lower firm or conductivity than single glaze windows?

A

Low, meaning less energy transfers through them

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14
Q

What key factors affect the rate of cooling of a building?

A

The thickness of the walls, the thermal conductivity of the walls

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15
Q

How can the efficiency of a mechanical machine with moving parts be improved?

A

lubricate any moving parts to reduce the friction and therefore energy loss due to heating

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16
Q

how can the efficiency of a radiator be improved?

A

Installing metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect the heat back into the room rather than it being absorbed into the walls

17
Q

How can the efficiency of boiling water in a pan being improved?

A

By placing a lid on the pan to reduce the heat loss from the top

18
Q

what is a renewable energy resource?

A

An energy source, which can be a replenished as it is been used up

19
Q

Give four examples of renewable energy resources

A

Wind, hydroelectricity, tidal ,solar

20
Q

what are the advantages of generating power using gas rather than coal?

A

Flexible generation: gas power stations have short start-up time so it can be switched on/off more readily

Lower missions of carbon dioxide

21
Q

State two disadvantages of using renewable energy resources to generate power

A

Output often determined by external factors(like wind speed) so supply is uncertain

Generating power through other means is often more efficient and economical beneficial

22
Q

Explain environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels

A

carbon dioxide contributes the greenhouse effect and causes global warming

Sulphur dioxide leaves to acid rain which can damage buildings and crops

23
Q

State three advantages of fossil fuels as energy resource

A

reliable: not dependent on external factors who can generate power any time

Can produce larger amount of energy for a given quantity

Still relatively abundant, so cost-effective

24
Q

State three advantages of nuclear power

A

Very large amounts of energy for relatively small quantities of fuel

Doesn’t release greenhouse gases and so doesn’t contribute to climate change

Low fuel costs

25
State three disadvantages of nuclear power
produces nuclear waves which is a harmful to humans and must be safely stored for centuries Nonrenewable energy source Risk of nuclear accidents, which have fatal consequences on humans and the environment
26
How does hydroelectric power produce energy?
rain water collects behind a dam when this water is released, it is used to turn a turbine this turnbine turns a generator which produces electricity
27
what are some disadvantages of using biofuels?
When plants are burned or decay, they release carbon in order to grow biofuels, you need to destroy land which leads to problems because: The land could’ve been natural habitats destroy land may involve burning plants growing on it which could release carbon dioxide Growing biofuels reduce the land available for growing food
28
what are the advantages of tidal energies sources?
they do not produce greenhouse gases They’re quite reliable, as tides happened twice a day They’re cheap to run as tides are natural and so are free
29
what are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power?
The dam may cause flooding It can cost a lot to install the required infrastructure
30
What are some advantages of solar panels?
they don’t cause harm to the environment There are renewable resource They can be used in remote areas where the other types of energy are less accessible
31
Give an example of a social factor which may act as a deterrent for certain types of energy production
Visual pollution Sound pollution Both of these are disadvantages of wind farms