Topic 6: Territory & Personal Space: Additional Studies Flashcards
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Smith: Describe the observation and what was being investigated.
A field observation on different nationalities and how they compete for beach space.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Smith: Where were observations conducted?
Observations on a French, West German and U.S. beach were conducted.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Smith: How and what was data collect?
- Interviews were conducted with people on the beach (to establish their nationality & how long they would be on the beach).
- Size, depth and width of occupied space was recorded.
- Number and type of territorial markers were also recorded.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Smith: Describe results regarding West Germans. (2)
- Made larger territorial claims than the other 2 nationalities.
- Used sandcastles to mark territory and even ‘places reserved’ signs on particular areas.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Smith: Describe results regarding the French.
The French could not grasp the concept of territoriality.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Hall: State the 4 personal space zones.
1) Intimate distance
2) Personal distance
3) Social distance
4) Public distance
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Middlemist: Describe the type of experiment and what it aimed to investigate.
- A field experiment
- Test the impact that invasions of personal space can have on people.
- It was designed to test the theory that invasions of personal space cause a physiological reaction.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Middlemist: Where was the experiment carried out?
- In a men’s lavatory in a library in America.
- The Lavatory had three urinals and a cubicle.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Middlemist: Describe the method.
The experimenters set up a periscope hidden by some books in the cubicle and stayed in there to time length of delay of onset and duration of urinating with a stop watch.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Middlemist: Describe the 3 different conditions.
1) The participant was not approached
2) A confederate used a urinal one removed at the same time
3) The confederate used the urinal right next to the participant
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Middlemist: Describe the results.
The results confirmed the assumption that personal space invasions cause physiological arousal with the closer interpersonal distances increasing the delay and decreasing the persistence of urination.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Sommer & Ross: How were the chairs laid out in the hospital, and what was difficult about this?
The layout of the chairs, which were lined up against the walls, meant that people could only sit in rows & social contact was difficult.
(Topic 6: Additional Studies) Sommer & Ross: What was the benefits of changing the chairs?
By changing the seating to small circular groups of chairs the patients began to interact with each other.
