Topic 6: Social and Economic Determinants

Question 1

What are the three determinants of health?

Answer 1

• Social and economic determinants
• Biomedical risk factors
• Behavioural risk factors

Question 2

Why do people from poorer social or economic circumstances are at greater risk of poor health, have higher rates of illness, disability and death, and live shorter lives than those who are more advantaged?

Answer 2

• Education attainment: associated with better health throughout life.
• Occupation: has a strong link to position in society, and is often associated with income levels.
• Income: and wealth play important roles in socioeconomic position.

Question 3

What is The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MDI)?

Answer 3

Large gap between developing and developed countries.

Question 4

Disease and ill health can be both products of, and contribute to _________.

Answer 4

Social exclusion

Question 5

Outline major biomedical risk factors.

Answer 5

1. High blood pressure
2. Dyslipidemia
3. Impaired glucose regulation

Question 6

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 6

A build-up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels that may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.

Question 7

What is hypertension a high risk for?

Answer 7

Can contribute to stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease.

Question 8

What contributes to hypertension?

Answer 8

Poor lifestyle choices: poor diet, oveweight, and obesity, excessive consumption and physical inactivity..

Question 9

Name four major behavioural risk factors:

Answer 9

1. Overweight and obesity
2. Illicit drug use
3. Alcohol risk and harm
4. Tobacco smoking

Question 10

What is health equity about?

Answer 10

Fairness in access to good health.

Question 11

Outline two points about health equity

Answer 11

• access to decent health care and enjoyment of the conditions for good health are universal human rights
• It is wrong and unfair that some groups have avoidable access barriers or conditions of living which carry extra but preventable risks.

Question 12

What does Unfair Barriers to Accessing decent health care reflect weakness in?

Answer 12

Healthy system design, structural forces which maintain inequalities in income and wealth, and various form of discrimination and marginalisation.

Question 13

What are the 4 groups facing discrimination and marginalisation and experience access barriers and disproportionate health risks?

Answer 13

• asylum seekers
• many LGBTI people
• Long term unemployed
• People living with mental illness and survivors of family violence

Question 14

What are the two categories health activities can be divided into?

Answer 14

1. Money spent on personal health

2. Money spent on public health

Question 15

What are most public health activities in higher-income countries are funded by?

Answer 15

Taxes

Question 16

What are lower-income countries often financed by?

Answer 16

Combination of governmental and external support.

Question 17

What involves in the Two-way relationship between health and development?

Answer 17

The complex relationship between health of a population and the state of development of a society.

Question 18

What is the sustainable development goals 2015-2030?

Answer 18

Are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all: to address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, in equality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity and peace and justice.

Question 19

What are the four goals of Sustainable Development Goals 2015-2030?

Answer 19

1. No poverty
2. Achieve food security
3. Good health and wellbeing
4. Quality education