Topic 5: Non-Communicable Disease Flashcards
What is an NCD?
Refers to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress slowly and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioral factors.
What are the group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels called?
Cardiovascular disease
What are the 6 sub-group of cardiovascular disease?
- Coronary heart disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Rheumatic heart diease
- Congenital heart disease
- Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
_____ is a progressive life-threatening lunch disease that causes breathlessness (initially with exertion) and predisposes to exacerbations and serious illness.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What is the primary cause of COPD?
Exposure to tobacco smoke (either active smoking or second-hand smoke). Other risk factors include exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution and occupational dusts and fumes.
Ways of preventing type 2 diabetes
Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use
What is type 1 diabetes? and its difference with type 2 diabetes
Type 1 is characterized deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. Type 2 is a result from the body’s ineffective use of insulin.
What is gestational diabetes?
hyperglycaemia with blood glucose above normal but below those diagnostic of diabetes, occurring during pregnancy.
List major risk factors for NCD?
Tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alchol, unhealthy diet, obesity
Describe epidemiologic transition
- the significant differences in health status between countries with different income levels.
What is the aim of Sustainable Development Goals:
to “reduce by one-third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment” by 2030.
What is a key metric in evaluating progress of Sustainable Development Goals
A key metric for evaluating progress toward this goal is the percentage of people between 30 and 70 years of age who die from NCDs.
What is the cost-effective of addressing the burden of NCD?
Change people’s behavior -> Reduce risk -> Reduce burden of disease:
What increases and drives NCD in developing countries?
- It is also driven by the negative effects of globalization e.g. unfair trade and irresponsible marketing, rapid and unplanned urbanization and increasingly sedentary lives.
- People in developing countries eat foods with higher levels of total energy.
Tobacco use and availability
What factors determining social positions?
Include education, occupation, income, gender and ethnicity
