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GCSE Geography > topic 6: renewable energy > Flashcards

topic 6: renewable energy Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a biotic resource?

A
  • obtained from the biosphere
  • capable of reproduction
  • examples: animals, birds, plants
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2
Q

what is a abiotic resource?

A
  • obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

- examples: minerals, soil, sunlight

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3
Q

what is a non-renewable resource?

A
  • combustible sources that cant be remade
  • forms over millions of years
  • examples: coil, oil, uranium, natural gas
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4
Q

what is a renewable resource?

A
  • potentially inexhaustible
  • can be naturally replenished
  • examples: wind, solar and HEP
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5
Q

oil extraction in ecuador

A
  • 18 billion gallons of toxic water dumped into rivers
  • local tribes rely on rivers for drinking
  • leads to miscarriages and birth defects
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6
Q

over fishing in the north sea

A
  • provides jobs for locals
  • 1915 fish length 2m, 2012 35cm
  • cod numbers have declined
  • fish in demand as source of protein
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7
Q

deforestation in Cameroon

A
  • 70000 hectares cleared to make way for palm oil plantations
  • biodiversity is under threat
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8
Q

impact of latitude on agriculture and forestry at the equator?

A

-high precipitation and solar radiation at the equator. very productive. TRF, forestry and plantation agriculture. soil infertile

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9
Q

impact of latitude on agriculture and forestry at the poles?

A

-colder and drier. low productivity. tundra/coniferous trees

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10
Q

impact of latitude on agriculture and forestry 30 degrees north/south of equator?

A

-high solar radiation, very low precipitation. Little/no vegetation. desert sandy soils

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11
Q

precipitation in the UK?

A

higher in the north/west (low population density) compared to the south (high population density)

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12
Q

agriculture in the UK?

A

depends on soil, climate and relief. east England has flat land,fertile soils, and warm summers so is suitable for arable farming eg wheat. sheep farming is located in the north (Scotland)

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13
Q

oil and gas in the UK?

A

they are extracted from the north sea.

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14
Q

what places have the highest resource consumption?

A

USA, China

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15
Q

what places have the lowest resource consumption?

A

Africa

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16
Q

what is the global trend of energy use?

A
  • low in developing countries
  • high in developed countries
  • increasing rapidly in China
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17
Q

what is the global trend of water usage?

A
  • low in north Africa (not enough precipitation)

- lots in south Americas rain forest (high precipitation)

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18
Q

what is the global trend of food consumption?

A
  • low in Africa

- high in developed countries eg USA

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19
Q

what are the advantages of coal?

A
  • very productive resource

- still enough to last 200+ years

20
Q

what are the disadvantages of coal?

A
  • releases greenhouse gases
  • mining is dangerous
  • expensive to make mines
21
Q

what are the advantages of wind energy?

A
  • doesn’t cause air pollution

- lowest-priced renewable energy source

22
Q

what are the disadvantages of wind energy?

A
  • energy only produced when there is wind
  • can make the landscape look worse
  • relatively expensive
23
Q

what is energy mix?

A

the different proportions of energy used in different countries

24
Q

how has the UK’s energy mix changed?

A

-decreased reliance on coal

25
Q

how does wealth affect a countries energy mix?

A

wealthier countries can afford a range of energy types

26
Q

how does population affect a countries energy mix?

A

the higher the population the more energy types a country will need to supply the demand

27
Q

how does availability affect a countries energy mix?

A

some countries find it easier to gain some enrgy types because of their location

28
Q

what are 3 reasons why demand for energy has changed?

A

1) rapid population growth
2) rising affluence-people are able to afford fuel
3) advances in technology-more electrical goods, renewable energy harnessed, development of new energy resources

29
Q

what is the effect of mining coal on people?

A
  • reduced building to make space for mines

- miners at risk of illness/death

30
Q

what is the effect of mining oil on people?

A
  • can leak

- creates jobs for jobs for locals

31
Q

what is the effect of mining natural gas on people?

A

-safe

32
Q

what is the effect of mining uranium on people?

A
  • risk of exposing people to radiation

- power stations expensive to build

33
Q

what is the effect of mining coal on the environment?

A
  • groundwater can become polluted

- burning coal produces C02

34
Q

what is the effect of mining oil on the environment?

A
  • spillages-contaminates water

- land cleared for oil-loss of habitats

35
Q

what is the effect of mining natural gas on the environment?

A
  • fewer carbon emissions

- burning releases greenhouse gases

36
Q

what is the effect of mining uranium on the environment?

A
  • waste is radioactive

- produces less C02 than fossil fuels

37
Q

what are the effects of HEP on people and the environment?

A
  • could generate tourism
  • displace people from homes to allow room for the dam
  • generates clean energy (non pollution)
  • vegetation/forest may have to be removed to leave room to construct
38
Q

what are the effects of wind power on people and the environment?

A
  • offshore wind farms can generate a lot of energy (like the London array)
  • can cause noise and worsened landscape
  • doesn’t produce C02
  • can change migration patterns of birds
39
Q

what are the effects of solar energy on people and the environment?

A
  • creates jobs
  • could cause less farmland(takes up space)
  • can damage ecosystems
  • construction uses toxic metals
40
Q

why manage resources?

A
  • using fossil fuels can cause global warming

- rising population puts more strain on renewable energy

41
Q

what are the differentiating views of energy with individuals?

A
  • more people are using energy efficient products
  • some feel renewable energy is too expensive
  • some people living near wind farms may be worried about noise and visual pollution
42
Q

what are the differentiating views of energy with organisations?

A

-may advertise there energy efficiency for more revenue

43
Q

what are the differentiating views of energy for the government?

A
  • many countries are investing in renewable energy sources

- encouraging sustainable transport

44
Q

why is china enforcing energy laws?

A
  • contributes to 29% of global carbon

- burns more coal that europe+ USA+ Japan

45
Q

what are China (developing country) stratergies for reducing non renewables?

A

1) HEP- 3 gorges dam generated 98.8 kWh of electricity in 2014
2) solar power- solar plant in Gobi desert, now leading solar producer
3) coal restrictions- law restricting use of coal

46
Q

why is Germany enforcing energy laws?

A

-72% of energy is produced from non renewables

47
Q

what are Germany (developed country) stratergies for reducing non renewables?

A

solar power-Bavaria solar park aims to produce 215 million kWh of energy in the next 20 years, and reduce C02 by 100,000 tonnes over the next 30 years
2)Feed in tariffs- pay people for producing renewable energy

GCSE Geography (3 decks)

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