Topic 6: Proteins And Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Which functional groups are present in every amino acid?
Amine (NH2)
Central Carbon - R group
Carboxyl Group
Draw and example of hydrophobic amino acids and hydrophilic amino acids.
Hydrophobic(non polar)Amino Acids: Will contain many hydrocarbons but no oxygen is present and no charge is present.
Hydrophilic (polar) Amino Acids: will contain Hydroxyls. They’re will be many oxygens. No charges
Describe the process of building a polypeptide(protein).
What kind of bond is used and which functional groups are involved?
What direction does the polypeptide grow in?
To build a polypeptide amino acids join by dehydration. A hydroxyl group bonds with a hydrogen and releases a water molecule making a peptide bond.
Polypeptide grows on the carboxyl end. Grows on the right end.
How are amino acids classified?
Amino acids are classified based on the R-Group.
Our R-group will help us determined if it’s Polar, Non-polar, or Charged amino acid.
Describe Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structure of a protein.
Primary: Is the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Fundamental and determines the rest of the levels.
Secondary: Occurs when the carboxyl and amine group interact with one another and hold on to one another with hydrogen bonds.
a-helix: when the hydrogen of an amine groups bonds with oxygen rod the carboxyl group every 4.
B-pleated sheet: Hydrogens bonds occurring between the pleated sheets.
Tertiary: Interactions between the R-groups. We can have hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and Ionic bonds.
Quaternary: When a bunch tertiaries come together. Ex. Hemoglobin.
What happens to proteins in unfavorable conditions(too basic too acidic)?
Proteins in unfavorable conditions are denatured. Where the quaternary, tertiary, and secondary levels are destroyed!
What are the functions of nucleus acids?
List the differences between RNA and DNA
Nucleic acids function is information storage and gene expression.
DNA stores information and RNA job is gene expression.
Define pyramadines and purine and classify each nitrogenous base as one or the other.
Pyrimidines: Include Thymine Cytosine and Uracil and consists on one ring for the nitrogenous base.
Purine: Adenine, Guanine. Consist on 2 ring for the nitrogenous base.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide? Draw a nucleotide and indicate the 2,3,and 5 carbon. Explain why each carbon is important.
Three parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, sugar(ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base (purines or pyrimidines)
Carbon 2 is what tells us if we’re looking at RNA or DNA on the ribose or deoxyribose sugar.
RNA contains a hydroxyl group. (Ribose)
DNA contains a hydrogen. (Deoxyribose)
Nucleic acids have a 5 prime end and 3 prime end.
3 prime has a hydroxyl group for both RNA and DNA.
5 prime has the phosphate group.
In DNA and RNA we can add more nucleotides in the 3 prime end.
Describe the process of building a polymer of DNA.
What are the two functional groups involved?
The process of building a polymer involve the dehydration process. Both the phosphate group and the hydroxyl group located on the 3 prime carbon bind releasing an H2O and creating a phosphodiester bond.
During this process the nitrogenous bases hang on the side making a backbone of 5 prime to 3 prime and bonding through hydrogen bonds of the anti parallel chain 3 prime to 5 prime.
Which direction does polymer grow in?
Polymers grow in the C end. Basically the Carboxyl end.
