Topic 4: Carbon And Macromolecules Flashcards
Explain why carbon is considered a versatile element.
Carbon can for covalent bonds to up to 4 different atoms.
Carbon bonds can be single, double, or triple bonds.
As hydrocarbons we can have carbon chains, carbon rings or both.
Identify each of the seven functional groups and their basic properties.
Hydroxyl - Polar
Carboxyl - Charged
Methyl- Non-polar
Carbonyl - Polar
Amino - Charged
Phosphate - Charged
Sulfhydryl - Polar
Describe each of the three types of isomers. Draw a diagram!
Structural Isomers: Contain the same number of carbons and hydrogens but differ in the placement atom arrangement giving them different Chem properties.
Geometric Isomers: have similar covalent bond placement but differ in the spatial arrangements.
Enantiomers: Share the same chemical structure and chemical bonds. They differ in the three-dimensional placement of atoms, they are mirror images.
Define Polymer
Define Monomer
Polymers are made up of a bunch of monomers bonded making macromolecules.
Monomers are molecules that can bond together to form a polymer
Define Catabolic
Define Anabolic
Catabolic: Metabolic pathways that Breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy.
Anabolic: Simple molecules combine to make complex molecules.
Define dehydration reaction
Define Hydrolysis
Dehydration Reaction is when two monomers combine to form a polymer. During the process a hydroxyl and a hydrogen combine and release a water molecule.
Hydrolysis is when a polymer breaks down into a monomer by a water molecule. A water molecule is broken apart as an OH attaches to one monomer and the H to other monomer. The bond is broken.
Provide examples of both anabolism and catabolism.
Anabolism: Building up aspect of metabolism. Ex. Photosynthesis
Catabolism: Braking down aspect of metabolism. Ex. Glycogenolysis
