Topic 6 - Organics 1

Question 1

Hydrocarbon

Answer 1

A compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

Question 2

Homologous series

Answer 2

Series of organic compounds with the same functional group and general formula

Question 3

Functional group

Answer 3

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound

Question 4

Addition

Answer 4

Joining two or more molecules together to form a larger molecule

Question 5

Polymerisation

Answer 5

Joining together lots of simple molecules (monomers) to form a giant molecule (polymer)

Question 6

Repeating unit

Answer 6

A simplest pattern of the polymer that upon translation reproduces the whole structure

Question 7

Elimination

Answer 7

When a small group of atoms break away from a large molecule to form a C=C

Question 8

Substitution

Answer 8

When one species is replaced by another

Question 9

Hydrolysis

Answer 9

Breaking bonds in a molecule by reacting with H2O

Question 10

Dehydration

Answer 10

Reaction in which water is eliminated from a starting material

Question 11

Saturated

Answer 11

A compound with all C-C single bonds

Question 12

Heterolytic fission

Answer 12

The process of breaking a covalent bond in a molecule forming ions (one atom receives the electron pair)

Question 13

Homolytic fission

Answer 13

The process of breaking a covalent bond to form radicals

Question 14

Radicals

Answer 14

A species with an unpaired electron

Question 15

Free radical substitution

Answer 15

Photochemical reaction requiring UV light between halogens and alkanes to form halogenoalkanes

Question 16

Stereoisomerism

Answer 16

Occurs when two double bonded carbons have different species attached to them eg. cis,trans

Question 17

Structural isomerism

Answer 17

Occurs when molecules have the same molecular formula but different structure

Question 18

Cracking

Answer 18

Breaking long chain alkanes into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons

Question 19

Reforming

Answer 19

Processing of straight chain hydrocarbons into branched chains to reduce risk of knocking

Question 20

Knocking

Answer 20

When alkanes explode of their own accord when the fuel/air mixture is compressed

Question 21

Catalytic converters

Answer 21

Get rid of pollutants in cars by using a platinum catalyst to convert them to harmless gases

Question 22

Biofuels

Answer 22

Fuels made from living matter over a short period of time

Question 23

Recycling

Answer 23

Conversion of a waste from polymer into useful materials

Question 24

Feedstock

Answer 24

Conversion of polymer waste into compounds that can be used to synthesise new polymers

Question 25

Biodegradable

Answer 25

A polymer that can be decomposed by microbes (often has polar groups)

Question 26

Electrophile

Answer 26

Electron pair acceptor in an organic mechanism

Question 27

Nucleophile

Answer 27

Electron pair donor in an organic mechanism

Question 28

Carbocation

Answer 28

A carbon atom with a positive charge

Question 29

Markovnikoff’s rule

Answer 29

The major product of electrophilic addition to an unsymmetrical alkene results I’m the functional group joining onto the most stable carbon i.e. primary