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S2 GCSE Chemistry Unit 2 > Topic 6 - Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

How are fossil fuels formed?

A

Fossil fuels are formed from dead plants and animals over millions of years under the action of heat and pressure.

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2
Q

Give 5-10 examples of fossil fuels.

A 
Natural gas
LPG
Petrol
Diesel
Paraffin
Candle wax
Peat
Lignite
Coal
Coke
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3
Q

What does LPG stand for?

A

Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)

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4
Q

Definition of a non-renewable resource

A

Non-renewable resources are those that cannot be replaced in a human lifetime and will eventually run out.

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5
Q

Definition of a renewable resource

A

A renewable resource is one that can be replaced or replenished in a human lifetime.

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6
Q

Example of a non-renewable resource

A

Fossils fuels

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7
Q

Example of a renewable resource

A

Biomass

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8
Q

What is the source for most hydrocarbons?

A

Crude Oil

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9
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Crude oil is a black, viscous liquid and it is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Some of these hydrocarbons are solids and gases dissolved in the liquid.

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10
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.

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11
Q

What chemicals are obtained from crude oil?

A

Hydrocarbons

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12
Q

What are the environmental implications of oil spillages?

A

Spillage of crude oil causes the following environmental problems:

  • it destroys habitats
  • it harms diving birds
  • it creates eyesores on beaches and shorelines
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13
Q

How is the separation of crude oil achieved?

A

Through fractional distillation

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14
Q

Name 5-7 of the major hydrocarbons obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil.

A 
Refinery gas
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosene
Diesel oil
Fuel oil and lubricating oil
Bitumen
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15
Q

Definition of fractional distillation

A

Fractional distillation is the separation of crude oil into simpler mixtures of hydrocarbons called fractions.

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16
Q

Fractional distillation is carried out in a …

A

Fractionating column

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17
Q

The crude oil enters the bottom of the fractionating column at a temperature of …

A

450°C

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18
Q

As you travel down the fractionating column (from top to bottom), we see an increase in the …

A

Boiling point of the fractions

Number of carbon atoms in the fraction

Size of the hydrocarbons

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19
Q

The crude oil enters at the bottom of the fractionating column as …

A

A hot gaseous mixture

20
Q

How does the fractionating column allow gases to rise through the column?

A

The fractionating column has bubble caps, which allow gases to move upwards.

21
Q

The temperature _________ up the column

A

Decreases

22
Q

How are the fractions in crude oil separated within the fractionating column?

A

As the gases move up the column, hydrocarbons condense when the temperature of the column is the same as their boiling point.

23
Q

Give a use of refinery gas, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Bottled gas

24
Q

Give a use of petrol, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Vehicle fuel

25
Q

Give a use of naphtha, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Chemicals and plastics

26
Q

Give a use of kerosene, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Aircraft fuel

27
Q

Give a use of diesel oil, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Large vehicle fuel

28
Q

Give a use of fuel oil and lubricating oil, two of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Fuel for ships

Lubricants

29
Q

Give a use of bitumen, one of the fractions of crude oil.

A

Road tar

30
Q

Define a homologous series.

A

A homologous series is a family of organic compounds that have the same general formula, show similar chemical properties, show a gradation in their physical properties and differ by a CH2 unit.

31
Q

Name the four homologous series required for GCSE Chemistry.

A

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alcohols
Carboxylic acids

32
Q

Of the four homologous series required for GCSE Chemistry, which two are hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes

Alkenes

33
Q

Give the names of the first four Alkanes present in it’s homologous series.

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

34
Q

Give the names of the first two Alkenes present in it’s homologous series.

A

Ethene

Propene

35
Q

Give the names of the first two alcohols present in it’s homologous series.

A

Methanol

Ethanol

36
Q

Give the names of the first two carboxylic acids present in it’s homologous series.

A

Methanoic acid

Ethanoic acid

37
Q

Why are alcohols and carboxylic acids not described as hydrocarbons?

A

As they contain oxygen atoms as well as hydrogen and carbon atoms.

38
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

39
Q

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

A

CnH2n

40
Q

What is the general formula for Alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1 OH

41
Q

What is the general formula for Carboxylic acids?

A

CnH2n+1 COOH

42
Q

For organic compounds containing one carbon atom, the prefix used is …

A

Meth-

43
Q

For organic compounds containing two carbon atoms, the prefix used is …

A

Eth-

44
Q

For organic compounds containing three carbon atoms, the prefix used is …

A

Prop-

45
Q

For organic compounds containing four carbon atoms, the prefix used is …

A

But-

S2 GCSE Chemistry Unit 2 (8 decks)

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