Topic 6 Non-Experimental research

Question 1

Non-experimental research

Answer 1

a. Researcher can’t assign people to group/conditions
b. Forfeit control in the data collection procedure
i. Ex: public records
c. Qualitative research- how people make meaning out of the world

Question 2

Types of non-experimental research

Answer 2

Observational
Archival
Case Study
Survey
Correlation

Question 3

Observational

Answer 3

researcher observes and records ongoing behavior but does not change it

Question 4

Archival

Answer 4

examine existing data to obtain data and test hypothesis

Question 5

Case study

Answer 5

exploratory study of existing situation in order to create and test hypothesis

Question 6

Survey

Answer 6

assessing public opinion or individual characteristic w/ questionnaires & sampling

Question 7

Correlation research

Answer 7

measures strength between two or more variables

ii. Used when some IV’s can’t be manipulated
1. Ex: subject variable (age and physical activity)
iii. Subject variables are used as IV’s but in combination w/ a manipulated variable
iv. Correlation coefficient: (-1= strong negative, 0=no relationship, +1=strong relationship)

Question 8

Method of administration

Answer 8

a. Face-to-face
b. Written responses
c. Computerized
d. Telephone

Question 9

Probability sample

Random

Answer 9

every member has equal opportunity of being selected

Question 10

Probability sample

Systematic sampling

Answer 10

not randomly selected
i.	Ex: every 9th student from class roster

Question 11

Probability sample

Stratified random sample

Answer 11

two or more subsamples are randomly represented according to predetermine proportions (generally the same as the population)
i. Ex: 55% female, 45% male

Question 12

What are the advantages of Correlational research?

Answer 12

Advantages

1. Analysis of relationship of large number of variables in single study
2. Information about the degree or relationship of variable being studied

Question 13

What are the disadvantages of Correlational research?

Answer 13

Cautions (disadvantages)

1. Relationship does not mean one causes the other
2. Possibility of low reliability of instrumentations makes it difficult to identify relationship
3. Lack of variability in scores makes it difficult to identify relationship
   a. Ex: everyone scoring very low or very high)