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Biology > Topic 6-inheritance,variation+evolution > Flashcards

Topic 6-inheritance,variation+evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the cells produced by meiosis

A

4 cells, genetically different

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2
Q

Describe the cells produced by mitosis

A

2 cells, genetically identical

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3
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

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4
Q

Name the gametes in animals

A

Sperm and egg

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5
Q

Name the gametes in plants

A

Pollen and egg

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6
Q

Sexual reproduction leads to…

A

VARIETY in offspring

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7
Q

State 5 differences between asexual and sexual reproduction

A
  • asexual involves only one parent
  • no fusion of gametes
  • no mixing of genetic information
  • genetically identical offspring
  • only mitosis is used
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8
Q

What effect does meiosis have on the number of chromosomes in a cell?

A

It halves it

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9
Q

What process restores the number of chromosomes?

A

Fertilisation

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10
Q

In animals where are gametes formed?

A

Ovaries and testes

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11
Q

State the three steps of meiosis

A
  • copies of dna made
  • cell divides twice to form 4 gametes, each with a single set of chromosomes
  • all 4 cells are genetically different from each other
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12
Q

When a new cell forms through fertilisation, how does it divide?

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

What is the process where cells develop into specific cell types?

A

Specialisation/differentiation

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14
Q

State three advantages of sexual reproduction

A
  • produces variation in offspring
  • if environment changes, variation gives survival advantage by natural selection
  • natural selection can be sped up by humans in selective breeding to increase food production
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15
Q

State four advantages of asexual reproduction

A
  • only one parent needed
  • more time and energy efficient as do not need to find mate
  • faster than sexual reproduction
  • many identical offspring can be produced when conditions are favourable
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16
Q

Describe how malarial parasites use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually in human host but sexually in mosquito

17
Q

Describe how fungi use both forms of reproduction

A

Reproduce asexually by spores but sexually to give variation

18
Q

Describe how plants use both forms of reproduction

A

Runners like strawberry plants or bulb division such as daffodils

19
Q

Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell is…

A

DNA

20
Q

Describe the structure of dna

A

Polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix

21
Q

Name the structure within which dna is contained

A

Chromosomes

22
Q

What is a gene?

A

A small section of DNA on a chromosome

23
Q

What is the function of a gene?

A

To code for a particular sequence of amino acids in order to make a specific protein

Biology (2 decks)

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