Topic 6 - Human Health and Physiology Flashcards
6.6.1 - Draw and label diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems
6.6.2 - Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle
- *FSH**
- *Secreted from:
- **Anterior pituitary
- *Function:**
- Stimulates follicular growth
- Stimulates estrogen secretion (from developing follicles)
- *ESTROGEN**
- *Secreted from:**
- Ovaries (developing follicle)
- *Function:**
- Development of endometrium
- Stimulates LH secretion (follicular phase)
- Inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)
- *LH**
- *Secreted from: **
- Anterior Pituitary
- *Function:**
- Surge causes ovulation
- Development of corpeus luteum
- Stimulates progesterone secretion
- *PROGESTERONE**
- *Secreted from:**
- Ovaries (corpus luteum)
- *Function:**
- Thickening of endometrium
- Inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)
Arterioles in the skin contain muscle fibres which contract. What is the function of these fibres?
To reduce blood flow to the skin when the body is too cold
After depolarization what happens to restore the resting potential?
Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron
What sequence of organs do substances pass through, as they move through the human digestive system?
Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small intestine - Large intestine - Anus
Under what conditions is glucagon secretion increased?
After fasting for a long period
Where is the gall bladder located?
Surrounded by the liver
Two cellular activities that support human life are absorption and assimilation. What is needed for assimilation but **not **for absorption?
Enzymes to synthesize new molecules
6.6.4 - List three roles of testosterone in males
- Pre-natal development of male genitalia
- Development of secondary sex characteristics
- Maintenance of sex drive (libido)
Absorption
The movement of fluid or dissolved substances across a membrane
Assmimilation
The conversion of nutrients into fluid or solid parts of an organism
Villus
Finger-like structure in small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
Protease
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of proteins into amino acids
Lipase
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Amylase
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of starch into maltose
Bile
A molecule with a polar and non-polar side that prevents lipids from coalescing into globules
Sinusoid
Small vessel in capillary bed of the liver where exchanges occur
Insulin
Hormone that causes excess glucose to be stored as glycogen in the liver
Glucagon
Hormone that causes glycogen in the liver to be converted into glucose
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Leucocyte
White blood cell
Coronary arteries
Arteries from the lungs that supply the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients
Cardiac nerve
Nerve through which the medulla oblongata sends a signal to increase heart rate
Coronory thrombosis
A heart-attack
