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Biology HL > Topic 6 - Human Health and Physiology > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Human Health and Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

6.6.1 - Draw and label diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems

A
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2
Q

6.6.2 - Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle

A
  • *FSH**
  • *Secreted from:
  • **Anterior pituitary
  • *Function:**
  • Stimulates follicular growth
  • Stimulates estrogen secretion (from developing follicles)
  • *ESTROGEN**
  • *Secreted from:**
  • Ovaries (developing follicle)
  • *Function:**
  • Development of endometrium
  • Stimulates LH secretion (follicular phase)
  • Inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)
  • *LH**
  • *Secreted from: **
  • Anterior Pituitary
  • *Function:**
  • Surge causes ovulation
  • Development of corpeus luteum
  • Stimulates progesterone secretion
  • *PROGESTERONE**
  • *Secreted from:**
  • Ovaries (corpus luteum)
  • *Function:**
  • Thickening of endometrium
  • Inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)
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3
Q

Arterioles in the skin contain muscle fibres which contract. What is the function of these fibres?

A

To reduce blood flow to the skin when the body is too cold

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4
Q

After depolarization what happens to restore the resting potential?

A

Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse out of the neuron

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5
Q

What sequence of organs do substances pass through, as they move through the human digestive system?

A

Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small intestine - Large intestine - Anus

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6
Q

Under what conditions is glucagon secretion increased?

A

After fasting for a long period

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7
Q

Where is the gall bladder located?

A

Surrounded by the liver

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8
Q

Two cellular activities that support human life are absorption and assimilation. What is needed for assimilation but **not **for absorption?

A

Enzymes to synthesize new molecules

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9
Q

6.6.4 - List three roles of testosterone in males

A
  • Pre-natal development of male genitalia
  • Development of secondary sex characteristics
  • Maintenance of sex drive (libido)
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10
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of fluid or dissolved substances across a membrane

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11
Q

Assmimilation

A

The conversion of nutrients into fluid or solid parts of an organism

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12
Q

Villus

A

Finger-like structure in small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients

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13
Q

Protease

A

An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of proteins into amino acids

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14
Q

Lipase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

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15
Q

Amylase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of starch into maltose

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16
Q

Bile

A

A molecule with a polar and non-polar side that prevents lipids from coalescing into globules

17
Q

Sinusoid

A

Small vessel in capillary bed of the liver where exchanges occur

18
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone that causes excess glucose to be stored as glycogen in the liver

19
Q

Glucagon

A

Hormone that causes glycogen in the liver to be converted into glucose

20
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

21
Q

Leucocyte

A

White blood cell

22
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries from the lungs that supply the cardiac muscle with oxygen and nutrients

23
Q

Cardiac nerve

A

Nerve through which the medulla oblongata sends a signal to increase heart rate

24
Q

Coronory thrombosis

A

A heart-attack

25
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

The slow progression of plaque build-up in arteries and the corresponding problems which can result

26
Q

Pathogen

A

Any living organism or virus that is capable of causing a disease

27
Q

Phagocyte

A

A large leucocyte that is able to change shape to surround a pathogen and ingest it through phagocytosis

28
Q

Antigen

A

Protein molecule on the surface of a cell or virus that make it recognisable for our immune system to consider the cell to be of the body itself or not

29
Q

Antigen

A

Protein molecule that is produced in response to a specific type of antigen

30
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process of blood clotting

31
Q

Active immunity

A

Immunity due to the production of antibodies by the organism itself after the body’s defence mechanisms have been stimulated by invasion of pathogens

32
Q

Passive immunity

A

Immunity due to the acquisition of antibodies from another organism in which active immunity has been stimulated

33
Q

Natural immunity

A

Immunity due to the active immune response against pathogens that have entered the body under natural circumstances without the aid of vaccination

34
Q

Artificial immunity

A

Immunity due to the active immune response against weakened pathogens that have entered the body under artificial circumstances with the aid of vaccination

35
Q
A

Biology HL (6 decks)

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