General vocab test Flashcards
Cell wall
Maintains cell shape, protects cell from mechanical damage and excessive water uptake
Plasma membrane
Encloses cytoplasm, selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
Cytoplasm
Interior of a prokaryotic cell, also the region between the nucleus and plasma membrane of eukaryotic cell
Pili
Attachment structure on the surface of some prokaryotes
Flagella
Locomotion organelles of some bacteria
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Nucleoid
Where DNA is concentrated
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
Lysosome
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Golgi appartus
Packages and modifies molecules, especially for secretion or storage
Mitochondrion
Where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated
Nucleus
Control center, protein synthesis begins hee, initiates mitosis, contains nucleolus, which synthesizes ribosomes
Diffusion
Passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Osmosis
The passive movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
Organic compound
Molecules containing carbon that are found in living organisms (except hydrogen carbonates, carbonates, and oxides of carbon)
Enzyme
A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
Active site
Specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate
Denaturation
A structural change in a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties
Cell respiration
The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is
inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
Genotype
Alleles of an organism
Phenotype
Outward expression of characteristic in organism
Dominant allele
An allele which has the same effect on the phenotype whether present in the homozygous or heterozygous state
Recessive allele
Allele which only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state
