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Biology HL > General vocab test > Flashcards

General vocab test Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell wall

A

Maintains cell shape, protects cell from mechanical damage and excessive water uptake

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Encloses cytoplasm, selective barrier that allows passage of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Interior of a prokaryotic cell, also the region between the nucleus and plasma membrane of eukaryotic cell

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4
Q

Pili

A

Attachment structure on the surface of some prokaryotes

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5
Q

Flagella

A

Locomotion organelles of some bacteria

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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7
Q

Nucleoid

A

Where DNA is concentrated

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8
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes

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9
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

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10
Q

Golgi appartus

A

Packages and modifies molecules, especially for secretion or storage

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11
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center, protein synthesis begins hee, initiates mitosis, contains nucleolus, which synthesizes ribosomes

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

The passive movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration

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15
Q

Organic compound

A

Molecules containing carbon that are found in living organisms (except hydrogen carbonates, carbonates, and oxides of carbon)

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16
Q

Enzyme

A

A macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.

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17
Q

Active site

A

Specific portion of an enzyme that binds the substrate

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18
Q

Denaturation

A

A structural change in a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties

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19
Q

Cell respiration

A

The controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP

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20
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is
inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.

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21
Q

Genotype

A

Alleles of an organism

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22
Q

Phenotype

A

Outward expression of characteristic in organism

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23
Q

Dominant allele

A

An allele which has the same effect on the phenotype whether present in the homozygous or heterozygous state

24
Q

Recessive allele

A

Allele which only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state

25
Q

Codominant allele

A

Alleles which have a partial effect on the phenotype when present in heterozygotes, but a greater effect in homozygotes

26
Q

Locus

A

The particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene

27
Q

Homozygous

A

Having two identical alleles of a gene

28
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles of a gene

29
Q

Carrier

A

An individual that has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on the phenotype

30
Q

Test cross

A

Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive

31
Q

Sex linked

A

Allele carried on the X chromosome

32
Q

Clone

A

A group of organism of identical genotype or a group of cells descended from a single parent cell

33
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

34
Q

Habitat

A

The environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism

35
Q

Population

A

A group of organism of the same species who live in the same area at the same time

36
Q

Community

A

A group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area

37
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community and its abiotic environment

38
Q

Ecology

A

The study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment

39
Q

Autotroph

A

An organism that synthesizes its organic molecules from simple inorganic substances

40
Q

Heterotroph

A

An organism that obtains organism molecules from other organisms

41
Q

Consumer

A

An organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed

42
Q

Detrivores

A

An organism that ingests dead organic matter

43
Q

Saprotrophs

A

An organism that lives on or in dead organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion

44
Q

Trophic level

A

A position in a food chain (ex. primary consumer)

45
Q

Evolution

A

The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population

46
Q

Pathogen

A

An organism or virus that causes a disease

47
Q

Resting potential

A

The electro-chemical gradient of a neuron (-70mV) when it is not stimulated

48
Q

Action potential

A

The electro-chemical gradient of a neuron when a signal travels along the neuron (+35mV)

49
Q

Nutrient

A

A chemical substance found in foods that is used by the human body

50
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Volume of air in lungs after a maximum inhalation

51
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation

52
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume if air taken in or out with each normal inhalation or exhalation

53
Q

Ventilation rate

A

Number of inhalations or exhalations per minute

54
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of contractions of the heart per minute

55
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out with each contraction of the heart

56
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart per minute

57
Q

Venus return

A

Volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins per minute

Biology HL (6 decks)

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