Topic 6 - Biodiversity Flashcards
What is classification
Grouping of organisms
What is taxonomy
The study of biological classification
What is a species
A group of organisms that is capable of interbreeding to produce viable and fertile offspring
What is the hierarchy of taxon
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is the binomial system
Species that are named using their genus and species
What are the 5 kingdoms of Biodiversity
Prokaryotae Protoctista Animalia Fungi Plantae
What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Prokaryotae
Cells are microscopic and prokaryotic: they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; the DNA is circular; ribosomes are smaller than those of eukaryotes
Since nuclei are lacking, cell division occurs by binary fission
What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Protoctista
They don’t have any, they are often by exclusion from all other groups
What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Fungi
They have a cell wall, often made of chitin
Fungi have a lysotrophic method of nutrition: they secrete enzymes to digest organic materials outside their cells and absorb the products of digestion
What is the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Plantae
Cells possess a cellulose cell wall
All plants are photosynthetic, containing chlorophyll in chloroplasts, and are autotrophic
They store carbohydrates as starch
What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Animalia
Cells lack a cell wall
All animals are heterotrophic; most ingest food into a digestive system
Usually store lipids as fats. Some are capable of locomotion
What is the term Autotrophic
Producing its own food from simple inorganic substances, generally using light energy in photosynthesis
What is the term Heterotrophic
Obtaining food by digestion of complex organic compounds; lysotrophic is one type of heterotrophic nutrition
What are the three types of Domain, and which is different from the others
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Both Archaea and Bacteria are Prokaryotic
What are the distinguishing features of Bacteria and Archea
They both lack membrane-bound organelles and have a circular DNA molecule
What are the distinguishing features of Archae and Eukarya
They lack a peptidoglycan cell wall and have Histones bound to the DNA
What are the distinguishing features of Archaea
They contain phospholipids that differ from those of Bacteria and Eukarya
What is the Phylogenetic system
The most natural system of classification that reflects the ancestral or evolutionary relationships between groups
What are closely related organisms different
They possess a high degree of agreement in the molecular structure of their DNA, RNA and proteins, with slightly different arrangements
What is protein analysis used for
Comparing the amino acid sequences of the same protein in different organisms
What are some proteins that need to be analysed in protein analysis
Haemoglobin and Cytochrome c
Where is Protein albumin found
In the blood plasma of many mammals
What is an immunological technique used for
To measure how similar human albumin is to albumin from the great apes
What is the technique of DNA hybridisation
It involves extracting samples of DNA from 2 species, separating the DNA into single strands, mixing these strands and allowing them to re-bind
