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Biology AS Unit 2 - Organisms And Biodiversity > Topic 6 - Biodiversity > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

What is classification

A

Grouping of organisms

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2
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The study of biological classification

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3
Q

What is a species

A

A group of organisms that is capable of interbreeding to produce viable and fertile offspring

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4
Q

What is the hierarchy of taxon

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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5
Q

What is the binomial system

A

Species that are named using their genus and species

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6
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms of Biodiversity

A 
Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Animalia
Fungi
Plantae
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7
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Prokaryotae

A

Cells are microscopic and prokaryotic: they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; the DNA is circular; ribosomes are smaller than those of eukaryotes
Since nuclei are lacking, cell division occurs by binary fission

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8
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Protoctista

A

They don’t have any, they are often by exclusion from all other groups

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9
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Fungi

A

They have a cell wall, often made of chitin
Fungi have a lysotrophic method of nutrition: they secrete enzymes to digest organic materials outside their cells and absorb the products of digestion

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10
Q

What is the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Plantae

A

Cells possess a cellulose cell wall
All plants are photosynthetic, containing chlorophyll in chloroplasts, and are autotrophic
They store carbohydrates as starch

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11
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the Kingdom Animalia

A

Cells lack a cell wall
All animals are heterotrophic; most ingest food into a digestive system
Usually store lipids as fats. Some are capable of locomotion

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12
Q

What is the term Autotrophic

A

Producing its own food from simple inorganic substances, generally using light energy in photosynthesis

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13
Q

What is the term Heterotrophic

A

Obtaining food by digestion of complex organic compounds; lysotrophic is one type of heterotrophic nutrition

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14
Q

What are the three types of Domain, and which is different from the others

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
Both Archaea and Bacteria are Prokaryotic

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15
Q

What are the distinguishing features of Bacteria and Archea

A

They both lack membrane-bound organelles and have a circular DNA molecule

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16
Q

What are the distinguishing features of Archae and Eukarya

A

They lack a peptidoglycan cell wall and have Histones bound to the DNA

17
Q

What are the distinguishing features of Archaea

A

They contain phospholipids that differ from those of Bacteria and Eukarya

18
Q

What is the Phylogenetic system

A

The most natural system of classification that reflects the ancestral or evolutionary relationships between groups

19
Q

What are closely related organisms different

A

They possess a high degree of agreement in the molecular structure of their DNA, RNA and proteins, with slightly different arrangements

20
Q

What is protein analysis used for

A

Comparing the amino acid sequences of the same protein in different organisms

21
Q

What are some proteins that need to be analysed in protein analysis

A

Haemoglobin and Cytochrome c

22
Q

Where is Protein albumin found

A

In the blood plasma of many mammals

23
Q

What is an immunological technique used for

A

To measure how similar human albumin is to albumin from the great apes

24
Q

What is the technique of DNA hybridisation

A

It involves extracting samples of DNA from 2 species, separating the DNA into single strands, mixing these strands and allowing them to re-bind

25
Q

What does DNA sequencing determine

A

The exact order order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

26
Q

What is Biodiversity

A

A measurement of the variety of living organisms within a particular area

27
Q

What are the 3 components of Biodiversity

A

Species Diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Genetic diversity

28
Q

What is Species Richness

A

The number of different species present in an area

29
Q

Why is the use Species Richness limited

A

A habitat may be species-rich, but not show much biodiversity

30
Q

What is ecosystem diversity

A

This is the diversity of ecosystems or habitats within a particular area.

31
Q

Give examples of habitats that with have a high biodiversity

A

A countryside that has ponds, rivers woodland, hedgerows, wet meadowland and uncultivated grassland

32
Q

What is genetic diversity

A

This is the genetic variability of a species

33
Q

What does Genetic diversity refer to

A

The variety of alleles possessed by the individuals of a population

34
Q

Why is lack of genetic diversity seen as problematic

A

It indicates that the species may not have sufficient adaptability and may not be able to survive an environmental hazard

Biology AS Unit 2 - Organisms And Biodiversity (6 decks)

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