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GCSE Chemistry 🧪 > Topic 6- Acids And Alkalis > Flashcards

Topic 6- Acids And Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

How can aqueous solutions be categorised?

A

Acidic
Alkaline
Neutral

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2
Q

Why are the hazard symbols important?

A

The show what precautions we should take and how to handle them

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3
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A ball exploding

A

Explosive

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4
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A star in a human chest

A

Health hazard

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5
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Liquid poured on a surface and hand that is steaming

A

Corrosive

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6
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A flame

A

Flammable

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7
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A dead fish, barren tree

A

Harmful to the environment

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8
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
An O/ball on fire

A

Oxidising

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9
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Skull and cross bones

A

Toxic

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10
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Exclamation mark

A

Hazardous

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11
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Looks like a cricket bat

A

Gas under pressure

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12
Q

What do acids all have present?

A

Hydrogen

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13
Q

What makes the solution acidic?

A

When dissolved in water the hydrogen ions are released and they dissociate
It’s the H+ ion that makes the solution acidic

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of acids?

A
  1. Hydrochloride acid
  2. Sulfuric acid
  3. Nitric acid
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15
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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16
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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17
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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18
Q

What do all alkalis contain?

A

The hydroxide ion

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19
Q

What makes the solution alkaline?

A

When the alkalis dissolve in start the hydroxide ions are released and dissociate. It is the OH- that makes the solution alkaline.

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

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22
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

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23
Q

What are 3 examples of alkalis?

A
  1. Potassium hydroxide
  2. Calcium hydroxide
  3. Sodium hydroxide
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24
Q

What do we use the pH scale for?

A

To measure acidity and alkalinity (0-14)

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25
Q

Why do substances change colour?

A

Depending on the pH

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26
Q

What is pH related to?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions

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27
Q

The lower the pH…

A

The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions

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28
Q

Increasing pH means…

A

Concentration of hydrogen ions is increasing

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29
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a strong acid?

A

Red

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30
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a weak acid?

A

Orange

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31
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a neutral solution?

A

Green

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32
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a weak alkali?

A

Blue/ dark green

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33
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a strong alkali?

A

Purple

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34
Q

What colour is litmus in an acid?

A

Red

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35
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an acid?

A

Red

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36
Q

What colour is litmus in a neutral, weak alkali and strong alkali?

A

Blue

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37
Q

What colour is menthol orange in a neutral solution?

A

Orange

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38
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an alkali?

39
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an acid and neutral solution?

A

Colourless

40
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an alkali?

A

Pink/magenta

41
Q

Why is an acid strong?

A

It fully dissociates in solution releasing all hydrogen ions

42
Q

Why is an acid weak?

A

It only partially dissociates in solution releasing fewer hydrogen ions is

43
Q

What is concentration?

A

The number of particles compared to water, resulting in concentrated or dilute solutions

44
Q

What is pH affected by?

A

Strong or weak
Concentrated or dilute

45
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction where an acid and a base cancel each other out to produce a solution of pH 7. A salt and water is produced

46
Q

What does neutralisation produce?

A

A salt and water

47
Q

What is the general word equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + alkali —> salt + water
Acid + base —> salt + water

48
Q

What are bases?

A

A substance which neutralises acids

49
Q

What are alkalis in relation to bases?

A

Alkalis are soluble bases
All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis

50
Q

If a substance neutral uses acid but does not dissolve in water, it’s called a …

51
Q

How do you name a salt?

A

The first part is the meta, from the base. The second part comes from the acid

52
Q

If the acid is hydrochloric, what is the salt ending?

53
Q

If the acid is nitric, what is the salt ending?

54
Q

If the acid is sulfuric, what is the salt ending?

55
Q

If the acid is phosphoric, what is the salt ending?

56
Q

How do you prepare a soluble salt?

A

Heated sulfuric acid in waterbath at 5O °c
Added copper oxide power in and mixed til in excess
Heat again tomake sure re action has occured. filtered solution to obtain excess copper sultate solution
put inevaporating dish over beakerof waterand heat using a bunsen burner
whenwater is half evaporated. allow to cool fora few days then pay dry .

57
Q

If the H+ concentration is increases by a factor of 10…

A

The pH decreases by 1

58
Q

Why do we need to balance equations?

A

Because atoms cannot be created or destroyed so they must be must be balanced

59
Q

What is the word equation for a reaction of an acid and a metal?

A

Acid + Metal —> Salt + Hydrogen

60
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

Put a lit splint in the gas
The squeaky pop sound produced indicates the presence of hydrogen

61
Q

What metals in the reactivity series will react with acids?

A

Any above hydrogen

62
Q

Why won’t any metals below hydrogen react with acids?

A

Not reactive enough to displace H+ from acid

63
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of an acid and metal carbonate?

A

Acid + metal —> salt + water + carbon dioxide

64
Q

In this reaction, describe what happens to the products:
Hydrochloric acid + copper carbonate —> copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide

A

Carbon dioxide bubbles
Copper chloride is a blue solution
Copper carbonate is a green powder
Lime water goes cloudy with carbon dioxide

65
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid suspended in solution

66
Q

What happens when 2 soluble salts react?

A

Form an insoluble and soluble salt that then need to be filtered

67
Q

What common substances are soluble in water?

A

All common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds
All nitrates
Most chlorides
Most surfaces
Sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide

68
Q

What common substances are insoluble in water?

A

Silver and lead chloride
Lead, barium and calcium sulfate
Most carbonates
Most hydroxides

69
Q

If the concentration of hydrogen ions increases by a factor of 10,

A

The pH decreases by 1

70
Q

If the concentration of hydrogen ions is decreased by a factor of 10,

A

The pH increases by 1

71
Q

What does pH relate to?

A

Hydrogen ions in a solution

72
Q

What are the 2 methods to produce soluble salts?

A
  1. Reacting an acid with a base
  2. Acid + alkali reaction: Titration
73
Q

What is titration?

A

Reacting an acid with an alkali

74
Q

What is the method for titration, reacting an acid with an alkali?

A
  1. Fill burette with an acid to meniscus point
  2. Using a glass pipette and pipette filler, measure out set volume of alkali
  3. Transfer alkali to conical flask and place flak on white tile (to observe later colour change)
  4. Add phenophthalein to alkali (a couple of drops)
  5. Add acid to alkali and swirl it constantly to ensure even distribution
  6. Once end point if reached and colour change is observed, record volume of acid needed to neutralise alkali
  7. Measure out the same volume of acid and alkali, mix them together. (No indicator needed)
  8. Crystallisation process
75
Q

What is the method for titration, reacting an acid with an alkali?

A
  1. Fill burette with an acid to meniscus point
  2. Using a glass pipette and pipette filler, measure out set volume of alkali
  3. Transfer alkali to conical flask and place flak on white tile (to observe later colour change)
  4. Add phenophthalein to alkali (a couple of drops)
  5. Add acid to alkali and swirl it constantly to ensure even distribution
  6. Once end point if reached and colour change is observed, record volume of acid needed to neutralise alkali
  7. Measure out the same volume of acid and alkali, mix them together. (No indicator needed)
  8. Crystallisation process
76
Q

How does neutralisation work in terms of ions?

A

At the start the beaked only contains acid, so pH is low due to number of H+ ions
As sodium hydroxide is added the -OH ions from alkali react with H+ ions
H+ + -OH —> H2O
This removed the H+ ions from the solution increasing the pH until 7
If more alkali is added the pH will go above 7

77
Q

What happens to pH when you add an acid to an alkali?

A

It decreases

78
Q

A reaction between an acid and a base is called…

A

Neutralisation

79
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

80
Q

Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloride acid —> + water

A

Sodium chloride

81
Q

Which has is always produced when a metal is added to an acid?

82
Q

In alkaline solution, red litmus turns…

83
Q

When sulphuric acid reacts with zinc the products are …

A

Zinc surface and hydrogen

84
Q

What gas pops a lighted splint?

85
Q

What ions do all acids form when dissolved in water?

86
Q

Sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid —>

A

Sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

87
Q

A soluble base is

88
Q

Alkalis in solution are sources of

A

Hydroxide ions

89
Q

Phenolphthalein turns

A

Colourless in acid and pink in alkali

90
Q

Correct sequence for making copper sulphate

A

Put some sulphuric acid into a beaker. Add excess copper oxide. Warm and stir. Filter off unreacted copper oxide.
Concentrate filtrate. Cool to crystallise copper sulphate.
Put some sulphuric acid into a beaker. Warm and stir. Add excess

91
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that fully dissociate in water to from H+ ions

92
Q

What colour is litmus in alkali?

93
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that partially dissociate in water to form H+ ions

94
Q

What salt is produced when magnesium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid?

A

Magnesium sulfate

GCSE Chemistry 🧪 (6 decks)

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