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GCSE Chemistry 🧪 > Topic 6- Acids And Alkalis > Flashcards

Topic 6- Acids And Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

How can aqueous solutions be categorised?

A

Acidic
Alkaline
Neutral

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2
Q

Why are the hazard symbols important?

A

The show what precautions we should take and how to handle them

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3
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A ball exploding

A

Explosive

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4
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A star in a human chest

A

Health hazard

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5
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Liquid poured on a surface and hand that is steaming

A

Corrosive

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6
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A flame

A

Flammable

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7
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
A dead fish, barren tree

A

Harmful to the environment

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8
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
An O/ball on fire

A

Oxidising

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9
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Skull and cross bones

A

Toxic

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10
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Exclamation mark

A

Hazardous

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11
Q

What is the following hazard symbol?
Looks like a cricket bat

A

Gas under pressure

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12
Q

What do acids all have present?

A

Hydrogen

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13
Q

What makes the solution acidic?

A

When dissolved in water the hydrogen ions are released and they dissociate
It’s the H+ ion that makes the solution acidic

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14
Q

What are 3 examples of acids?

A
  1. Hydrochloride acid
  2. Sulfuric acid
  3. Nitric acid
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15
Q

What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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16
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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17
Q

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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18
Q

What do all alkalis contain?

A

The hydroxide ion

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19
Q

What makes the solution alkaline?

A

When the alkalis dissolve in start the hydroxide ions are released and dissociate. It is the OH- that makes the solution alkaline.

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20
Q

What is the chemical formula for potassium hydroxide?

A

KOH

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide?

A

Ca(OH)2

22
Q

What is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide?

A

NaOH

23
Q

What are 3 examples of alkalis?

A
  1. Potassium hydroxide
  2. Calcium hydroxide
  3. Sodium hydroxide
24
Q

What do we use the pH scale for?

A

To measure acidity and alkalinity (0-14)

25
Q

Why do substances change colour?

A

Depending on the pH

26
Q

What is pH related to?

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions

27
Q

The lower the pH…

A

The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions

28
Q

Increasing pH means…

A

Concentration of hydrogen ions is increasing

29
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a strong acid?

A

Red

30
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a weak acid?

A

Orange

31
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a neutral solution?

A

Green

32
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a weak alkali?

A

Blue/ dark green

33
Q

What colour is universal indicator in a strong alkali?

A

Purple

34
Q

What colour is litmus in an acid?

A

Red

35
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an acid?

A

Red

36
Q

What colour is litmus in a neutral, weak alkali and strong alkali?

A

Blue

37
Q

What colour is menthol orange in a neutral solution?

A

Orange

38
Q

What colour is methyl orange in an alkali?

A

Yellow

39
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an acid and neutral solution?

A

Colourless

40
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in an alkali?

A

Pink/magenta

41
Q

Why is an acid strong?

A

It fully dissociates in solution releasing all hydrogen ions

42
Q

Why is an acid weak?

A

It only partially dissociates in solution releasing fewer hydrogen ions is

43
Q

What is concentration?

A

The number of particles compared to water, resulting in concentrated or dilute solutions

44
Q

What is pH affected by?

A

Strong or weak
Concentrated or dilute

45
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction where an acid and a base cancel each other out to produce a solution of pH 7. A salt and water is produced

46
Q

What does neutralisation produce?

A

A salt and water

47
Q

What is the general word equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + alkali —> salt + water
Acid + base —> salt + water

48
Q

What are bases?

A

A substance which neutralises acids

49
Q

What are alkalis in relation to bases?

A

Alkalis are soluble bases
All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis

50
Q

If a substance neutral uses acid but does not dissolve in water, it’s called a …

A

Base

GCSE Chemistry 🧪 (6 decks)

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