TOPIC 6 Flashcards
What is an enzyme
a biological catalyst (increases the rate of chemical reactions taking place in living cells without themselves suffering any overall changes
Applications of Microbial Enzymes in Medicine
Fungal acid proteases
Fungal dextranase
L-asparaginase
Penicillinases
Treatment of thromboses
Production of Lactose-free milk
Application of Microbial enzymes in industry
Biological washing powders
pre-digesting baby food
making diet food
fruit juice production
meat tenderization
cheesemaking process
Immobilized Enzyme
an immobilized enzyme is one whose movement is space has been restricted either completely or to a small limited region
Immobilization methods
adsorption
covalent bonding
entrapment
encapsulation
Advantages of Immobilized enzymes
multiple use of a single batch of enzymes, the ability to stop the reaction rapidly by removing the enzyme, usually stabilized by binding
Disadvantages of immobilized enzymes
The cost of enzyme is high, the activity is sometimes inferior to free enzymes, not all enzymes can be immobilized by general methods
Application of immobilized enzymes biosensors
an analytical device which can detect and quantify specific analytes in complex samples
Classification of Enzymes
Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolases
Lyases
Isomerases
Ligases
Oxidoreductases
catalyse a variety of oxidation-reduction reactions
Transferases
catalyse transfers of groups (acetyl, methyl, phosphate)
Hydrolases
catalyse hydrolysis reactions where a molecule is spilt into two or more smaller molecules by the addition of water
Lyases
catalyse the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-S and C-N bonds by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation
Isomerases
catalyse atomic rearrangements within a molecule
ligases
catalyse the reaction which joins two molecules
