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Biology GCSE > Topic 5a: Homeostasis and Response: The Nervous System > Flashcards

Topic 5a: Homeostasis and Response: The Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

5a1

A
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2
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The maintenance of optimal internal conditions

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3
Q

What are 3 internal conditions that need regulation?

A

Blood glucose concentration
Body temp
Water levels (in the blood and tissue fluids)

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4
Q

Name the way that internal conditions are regulated

A

Automatic / involuntary control systems

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5
Q

What 3 main components work together to maintain a steady condition?

A

Receptors
Coordination centres
Effectors

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6
Q

Name an example of a coordination centre

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Pancreas

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7
Q

What are the effectors of the body

A

Muscles
Glands

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8
Q

What are responsible for maintaining a stable internal environment

A

Nervous system and hormones

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9
Q

What is the solution surrounding red blood cells when travelling thorough veins

A

Plasma

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10
Q

Define stimulus

A

A change in your environment that you might need to respond to

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11
Q

Give an example of a stimulus

A

Light, sound, touch, pressure, pain, chemical, or a change in position or temperature

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12
Q

Define a negative feedback mechanism

A

The mechanism that restores the optimum level

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13
Q

The mechanism that restores the optimum level is called the…

A

Negative feedback mechanism

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14
Q

What is the main risk of the negative feedback mechanism?

A

The effectors could just carry on producing the responses
Making the level change too much

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the nervous system?

A

Allows you to react to your surroundings
And allows you to coordinate your behaviour

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16
Q

Define a receptor

A

Cells that detect a stimuli aka a change in the environment

17
Q

Define a coordination centre

A

They receive information from the receptors, process the info and instigate a response

18
Q

Define an effector

A

Are muscles or glands which respond to nerve impulses and bring about a response to a stimulus

19
Q

How do muscles respond to stimuli

A

They contract

20
Q

How do glands respond to stimuli

A

Secrete chemical substances called hormones

21
Q

State an example of a receptor

A

Taste receptors on the tongue
Sound receptors in the ears
Smell receptors in the nose
Light receptors in the eyes

22
Q

Define a sensory neurone

A

The neurones that carry information
As electrical impulses
From the receptors
In the sense organs
To the central nervous system

23
Q

Define a relay neurone

A

The neurones that carry electrical impulses
From sensory neurones
To motor neurones
They are found in the cns

24
Q

Define a motor neurone

A

The neurones that carry electrical impulses
From the cns to the effectors

25
Q

State the transmission of information to and from the cns (flow diagram)

A

Stimulus —> Receptors—> Sensory neurone —> Relay neurone (cns/coordinator) —> Motor neurone —> Effector —> Response

26
Q

Define a synapse

A

The connection between two neurones

27
Q

How are nerve signals transferred across synapses?

A

The signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap
These chemicals set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

28
Q

Define a reflex

A

Fast automatic responses to certain stimuli

29
Q

Give an example of a reflex

A

Pupil contraction when confronted with light
Adrenaline when confronted with shock
Knee jerk reflex

30
Q

Describe the reflex of pupil contraction

A

If someone shines a bright light in your eyes
Your pupils automatically get smaller
So that less light gets into your eyes
Which stops them from getting damaged

31
Q

Define a neurone

A

Nerve cell
Adapted to carry electrical impulses from one place to another

32
Q

What is a nerve cell called

A

Neurone

33
Q

What is the name for a bundle of neurones?

A

Nerve

34
Q

Define a nerve

A

Bundle of neurones
Blood supply to provide oxygen and glucose

Biology GCSE (4 decks)

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