Topic 1a: Cell Biology: Cell Structure and Cell Division Flashcards
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Define specialised cell
A cell that is made to perform a specific function
Define differentiation
The process
by which a cell changes
to become specialised for its job
When does most differentiation occur?
As an organism develops
What boundaries do differentiated animal cells experience when compared to plant cells?
In most animal cells, the ability to differentiate is then lost after they become specialised
Lots of plant cells never loose this ability
Some animal cells can differentiate in mature animals; what are they mainly used for?
Repairing or replacing cells
Name 5 examples of specialises cells
- Sperm cells
- Nerve cells
- Muscle cells
- Root hair cells
- Phloem and xylem cells
State the purpose of a sperm cell
Reproduction: to get the male DNA to the female DNA
How is a sperm cell specialised for its function?
Long tail and streamlined head - helps it swim to the egg
Lots of mitochondria - provide the energy needed to locate an egg
Carries enzymes in its head - to digest through the egg membrane
State the purpose of a nerve cell
Rapid signalling: to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another
How is a nerve cell specialised for its function?
Long - to cover more distance
Have branched connections at the end - larger surface area to connect to other cells and form a network throughout the body
State the purpose of a muscle cell
Quick contraction
How is a muscle cell specialised for its function?
Long - lots of space to contract
Contain lots of mitochondria - to transfer the energy needed for contraction
State the purpose of a root hair cell
Absorbing water and minerals
Where on a plant are root hair cells located?
The surface of plant roots
