Topic 5.2 - Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Flashcards
geocentric theory
earth - centered theory
Scientific Revolution
a time when people challenged the ideas of natural world
heliocentric theory
sun - centered theory
Nicolaus Copernicus
first European scientist to propose that the sun was in the center
Galileo
first European to make regular observations of the heavers using a microscope
Johannes Kepler
German mathematician
scientific method
a systematic procedure for collection and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world
Isaac newton
the greatest genius of the Scientific Revolution
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
uses microscope of his own inventors to study not only cells but also microorganisms
Enlightenment
18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals impressed with the achievements of the Scientific Revolution
Andreas Vesalius
added to the understanding of the human body
Robert Boyle
one of the 1st scientists to conduct controlled experiments in chemistry
Social Contract
the concept that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general when a group of people agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights
philosophes
a person who seeks wisdom; term applied to intellectuals during the enlightenment
Voltaire
promoted deism and was the greatest figure of the Enlightenment
Baron de Montesquieu
created the seperation of powers
separation of powers
a form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances
Jean Jacques Rousseau
most famous philosopher of the later enlightenment
Dean Diderot
wrote the Encyclopedia
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher and economist; came up with the idea of laissez-faire
Laissez-faire
“let do”
reasons why people believe the universe was geocentric
- the church/bible
2.common sense - ancient philosophers
