Topic 5 The Mitotic Cell Cycle.

Question 1

What is growth of a multicellular organism a result of?

Answer 1

Growth of a multicellular organism is a result of parent cells diving to produce genetically identical daughter cell.

Question 2

What divides first during cell division and why?

What kind of cells is the nucleus found in?

What is DNA?

Answer 2

During cell division the nucleus divides first, followed by division of the whole cell.

Division of the nucleus to produce two genetically identical nuclei is achieved through the process of mitosis with each of the two daughter cells containing its own nucleus, which is important because the nucleus controls the cell’s activities because it contains the genetic material DNA.

The nucleus is found in eukaryotic cells.

DNA acts as a set of instructions, or code, for life.

Question 3

What is a chromosome?

Answer 3

Chromosomes are large structures of DNA and proteins. DNA in cells is wrapped around positively charges globular proteins called histones. This results in a structure called chromatin which is a combination of DNA and the protein histones. Chromatin is then coiled into structures known as chromosomes.

Question 4

State the components that make up a chromosome.

Answer 4

• DNA.
• Histone protein.
• Sister chromatids.
• Centromere.
• Telomere.

Question 5

What is mitosis?

Answer 5

Mitosis is nuclear division that produces two genetically identical daughter nuclei, each containing the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Question 6

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 6

The period from one cell division to the next is called the cell cycle.

Question 7

What are the three phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

Interphase.
- G1 is the first growth phase after cell division.
- S phases or synthesis of DNA phase is when the DNA replication takes place.
- G2 is a second growth phase.

Nuclear division/ in this case Mitosis.
- M phase or mitosis phase is when nuclear division takes place.

Cytokinesis.
- Cell division or cytokinesis.

G stands for gap/growth.
S stands for synthesis of DNA.
M stands for mitosis.
Cytokinesis means cell division.

Question 8

What is the mitotic cell cycle and what are the four main stages of the cycle?

Answer 8

The mitotic cell cycle is a process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.

The mitotic cell cycle consists of four stages:
- Prophase.
- Metaphase.
- Anaphase.
- Telophase.

An acronym for the four stages of the mitotic cell cycle is PMAT.