Topic 5 social policy

Question 1

what are the 3 biological theories linked to policy

Answer 1

diet, eugenics and death penalty

Question 2

what can influence neurochemical process and behaviour

Answer 2

alcohol drugs and medical conditions

Question 3

what is the function of serotonin

Answer 3

its a neurotransmitter and chemical that impacts almost every part of you body and is seen as a natural mood stabilizer

Question 4

what has low serotonin been suggested as the biological basis for

Answer 4

impulsive behaviour patterns

Question 5

what foods are high in serotonin

Answer 5

salmon cheese turkey tofu nuts

Question 6

how can crime be controlled with use of diet

Answer 6

give high serotonin food to criminals to stabilise the behaviour

Question 7

what biological theory is diet linked to and why

Answer 7

linked to xyy theory
males with an extra y chromosome are seen as more aggressive
we cant control how they behave but we can try to manage the behaviour by giving them high serotonin food

Question 8

is diet an effective policy

Answer 8

virkkunen et al found offenders had a lower than average serotonin turnover which can be treated with high serotonin foods
schoenthaler found that sugar diet reduced anti social behaviour by 48%

Question 9

what is eugenics

Answer 9

a science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents
all about higher rates of reproduction with desirable characteristics

Question 10

how can crime be controlled through eugenics

Answer 10

used to prevent a future generation of criminals

Question 11

what biological theory is eugenics linked to

Answer 11

Lombroso and the criminal man as it provided scientific bias of attempts to control crime in society

Question 12

what is evidence for eugenics being able to control crime

Answer 12

osborne and west conducted a study between relationship of fathers crimimal behaviours and their sons likelihood of enganging in criminal activities
40% of sons with criminal fathers had criminal records
13% sons without criminal fathers had criminal records

Question 13

what is the death penalty

Answer 13

punishment by execution

Question 14

what are some countries that still use the death penalty

Answer 14

china USA and saudi arabia

Question 15

what offences do you have to commit in the US for the death penalty

Answer 15

genocide
first degree murder
treason

Question 16

how can crime be controlled through the death penalty

Answer 16

removes people who commit the most serious crime and acts as a deterrent and prevents other people from committing similar crimes

Question 17

what biological theory is influenced by the death penalty

Answer 17

believed some people are biologically different
incurbale criminals would be removed by death pen
theory supports punishment over rehab
LOMBROSSO

Question 18

is the death pen effective

Answer 18

not a deterrent
no evidence that its more effective in reducing crime than life in prison

Question 19

what are the 4 individualistic theories linked to policy

Answer 19

psychoanalysis
token economy
buddy system
anger management

Question 20

what is psychoanalysis

Answer 20

a therapy by Freud that delves into the conscious and unconscious mind and make you conscious of the id ego and superego

Question 21

what is dream analysis

Answer 21

Freud believes all dreams are significant and with good analysis can give us good clues of contents of unconscious mind

Question 22

what is free association

Answer 22

patients sit on a couch comfortably and speak thoughts outloud
repressed memories tend to come out

Question 23

what is fruedian slip

Answer 23

when a person uses one word but means another Freud analysed words can uncover unconscious mind thoughts

Question 24

how can crime be controlled through psychoanalysis

Answer 24

through therapy that explores unconscious mind

Question 25

what individualistic theory links to psychoanalysis

Answer 25

freud and the unconscious mind both try to uncover root causes of crime from unconscious mind

Question 26

what are the 5 sociological theories linking to sociological theories and

Answer 26

penal populism prison zero tolerance CCTV restorative justice

Question 27

what is penal populism

Answer 27

when government propose laws that punish offenders which they think is popular with the general public

Question 28

how many people are in uk prisons now and how many are estimated to be in the future

Answer 28

now - 88000 future - 100800

Question 29

what theory is linked to penal populism

Answer 29

right realism as they believe people commit crime when benefit outweighs the risk tougher sentences would deter offenders

Question 30

how many people re offend after prison sentences within a year

Answer 30

35%

Question 31

what are the aims of imprisonment

Answer 31

punish offenders, deter future crime and protect the public

Question 32

how much does it cost to keep an offender in prison per year

Answer 32

£56987

Question 33

what are concurrent sentences

Answer 33

setting multiple prison sentences for different crimes at same times

Question 34

what are consecutive sentences

Answer 34

prisoner will serve sentences one after the other

Question 35

what are suspended sentences

Answer 35

prisoner does not go to prison immediately and given chance to stay out of trouble

Question 36

what are determinate(fixed term) sentences

Answer 36

a prison sentence with a fixed end date

Question 37

what are intermediate sentences

Answer 37

type of sentence with no release date but sets a minimum term that must be served before release is considered

Question 38

what sociological theory does prisons link to

Answer 38

functionalism as prisons can be used to reinforce social norms as punishment creates social solidarity

Question 39

are prisons effective

Answer 39

yes as future offenders can be put off committing crime due to conditions of prison however it is very expensive to keep offenders in prison

Question 40

what is zero tolerance

Answer 40

refers to policies that do not allow violations of rules of law means offender will be punished harshly for any crime even if its minor

Question 41

what theory is zero tolerance linked to

Answer 41

right realism as it believes individuals choose to commit crime so consequences must be serious

Question 42

is zero tolerance effective and has it reduced crime rates

Answer 42

zero tolerance has resulted in no crime rates going down

Question 43

what is CCTV

Answer 43

closed crime circuit television which is often used by businesses to deter and prevent criminal behaviour and can be reviewed by criminal justice agencies to help identify offenders

Question 44

how can CCTV control crime

Answer 44

can be a deterrent as people are less likely to commit crime if they are being watched and can be caught

Question 45

what theory does CCTV link to

Answer 45

right realism as supports CCTV as a form of target hardening

Question 46

is CCTV effective

Answer 46

only works in places that are covered in cameras and offenders can cover faces

Question 47

what is restorative justice

Answer 47

brings those harmed by crime or conflict and those responsible for crime into communication to find a way forward repairing the harm

Question 48

is restorative justice effective

Answer 48

reduces re offending as offenders are less likely to commit crime if they see the emotional impact

Question 49

what theory does restorative justice link to

Answer 49

left realism as it focuses on supporting victims and reducing re offending must tackle social causes of crime and impact on victims

Question 50

are prisons effective

Answer 50

yes as it can deter offenders from committing crime

Question 51

is penal populism effective

Answer 51

yes because it shows consequences to other potential offenders