Topic 3 individualistic theories of crime Flashcards
what individual factors can influence the way we behave
primary socialisation- childhood experiences and upbringing
what does the psychodynamic approach look at
looks at interaction of drives and focus in the unconscious mind
rooted in childhood experiences
behaviour is determined by unconscious factors we cannot control
what does Freud say are the 3 parts of the mind
the id ego and superego
describe the id
100% conscious ‘devil on shoulder’
the pleasure principle that requires immediate gratification
wants to gain pleasure avoid pain and reduce tension
describe the Ego
mostly conscious
reality principle
tries to satisfy the id and the super ego
conscious self
describe the super ego
mostly unconscious ‘ angel on shoulder’
operated on moral principle
must never do wrong
guilt
describe the superego and crime
(core knowledge)
a weak superego means the id is dominant
if on part of mind is too strong there is conflict and can affect a persons personality
super ego being weak and id dominant may cause criminal behaviour
persons behaviour based on satisfying the pleasure principle
will have occurred due to failure from parents to guide child correctly through development
describe superego and crime
( expanded knowledge)
if superego is too strong then it may also lead to criminal behaviour
means the moral conscience is too intense, feel guilt and shame for behaviour most people don worry about
people will commit crime to relieve guilt
what is an example of superego and crime
theft
what do learning theories relate to
how we learn our behaviour
what do learning theories suggest about crime
crime is learnt through social interactions
describe SLT
(core knowledge)
suggest antisocial behaviour is modelled and imitated
role model observed being aggressive then observer will copy observer must be motivated to imitate
internal motivation- for thrill
external motivation-reinforcement and watching people get rewarded
describe SLT
(expanded knowledge
media affects theory as its a representation of aggressive or violent behaviour can lead to imitation
affects how we act and our opinions
watching violent behaviour IRL can lead to imitation of behaviour e.g copy cat killers
describe the bobo doll experiment
experimented on children aged 3-5
adults would beat up a doll and left children to see what would happen
children would copy the adults
children would always imitate the adults
who made SLT theory
Bandura
what where the main results of the bobo doll experiment
more children acted in aggressive way towards the bobo dolls after seeing adults be aggressive
young boys would copy the males
young girls would copy the females
what is meant by the term psychological
affecting or arising in the mind
related to the mental and emotional state of a person
who made the criminal personality theory
Eysenck
what are the 2 dimensions
(core knowledge)
introversion and extraversion
neuroticism and stable
what is introversion
a person that is reliable and in control of emotions
plans their actions and are quick and reserved and serious
what is extraversion
biological need individuals have for a high or low environmental stimulation
determined by levels of arousal meaning they require more environmental stimulation to feel their excitement
extroverts are bored quickly
what is neuroticism
refers to a stability of personality and high neurotism scores would represent someone who is likely to commit crime
what is stable
less reactive in stressful situations and is calm and level headed
how does criminal personality link to criminality
Eysenck predicted that people who are extroverted are neurotic and more likely to offend
these individuals find it harder to control impulses
