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Chemistry > Topic 5 Seperate Chemistry 1 (Complete) > Flashcards

Topic 5 Seperate Chemistry 1 (Complete) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 4 properties of transition metals

A

High melting point
High density
Form coloured compounds
The metals and their compounds used as catalysts

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2
Q

How do metals corrode

A

When they come in contact with air and water

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3
Q

Rusting is for which metal

A

When iron corrodes it is called rusting

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4
Q

What are some ways of preventing corrosion

A

Prevent rusting by coating iron with barrier
Painting
Oiling or greasing
Sacrificial protection

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5
Q

What is sacrificial protection

A

Placing more reactive metal with the metal so the water and air react with the sacrificial metal instead of the metal your protecting

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6
Q

What is electroplating

A

When you coat the surface of one metal with another metal using electrolysis

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7
Q

How does electroplating work

A

Cathode is object your going to electroplate
Anode is the bar of another metal your going to use to electroplate the other
Electrolyte is solution containing metal ions of metal your using for the plating

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8
Q

Explain what happens in terms of electrons during electroplating
Cathode is brass cup(what your electroplating)
Anode is bar of silver(what your using to electroplate)
Electrolyte solution of silver nitrate

A

Silver ions from electrolyte move to cathode and metal deposited on brass cup
Anode keeps the silver ions in the solution topped up

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9
Q

Cathode Ag+ + e- —> Ag
Anode Ag —> Ag+ + e-

A
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10
Q

What is an alloy

A

A combination of a different element added to a metal

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11
Q

Why are alloys usually harder than pure metals

A

Pure metals all the ions can slide over each other because they are the same size
Alloys have different size atoms so the layers can’t slide over each other easily

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12
Q

Why is iron not used on its own and alloyed with other metals to make alloyed steel

A

Iron on its own can rust but as steel is less likely to rust

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13
Q

What is aluminium used for and how does its properties help

A

Aluminium used for aircraft as it has low density and is very strong

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14
Q

What is copper used in and how does its properties help

A

Copper is used in wiring as it is a good conductor of electricity and is an unreactive metal

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15
Q

Why is gold used in jewellery

A

Because it is unreactive and doesn’t conduct electricity

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16
Q

What metals alloy to make magnalium and what is it used for

A

Magnesium and aluminium stronger than aluminium alone and has low density ,used in aircraft

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17
Q

What metals is the alloy brass made of and what is it used for

A

Copper and zinc,used in musical instruments,door knobs,locks and taps

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18
Q

What is the calculation for percentage yield

A

Actual yield/theoretical yield*100=percentage yield

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19
Q

What 3 ways is the actual yield usually less then the theoretical yield

A

Practical losses
Incomplete reactions
Unwanted reactions/side reactions

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20
Q

What is the calculation of atom economy

A

Mr of useful products/Mr of all products

21
Q

Why is it important to have a high atom economy

A

Lower atom economies waste resources very quickly and lots of waste materials are made

22
Q

Why is it good to have a high percentage yield

A

The higher percentage yield you have ,the more product you make

23
Q

How do you convert between cm(cubed) and dm(cubed)?

A

1000cm(3)=1dm(3)
Cm(3) to dm(3)
Divide by 1000

24
Q

Concentration=
Moles=
Volume=

A

Concentration(mol dm^3)=moles/volume
Moles=concentration*volume
Volume(dm^3)=moles/concentration

25
Q

It takes 25cm^3 of 0.100mol dm^3 sulfuric acid to neutralise 30.0 cm^3 of sodium hydroxide solution.The equation for this reaction is 2NaOH +H(2)SO(4) —->Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
What is the acid and alkli in this reaction?

A

Acid -sulfuric acid
Alkali - sodium hydroxide

26
Q

It takes 25cm^3 of 0.100mol dm^3 sulfuric acid to neutralise 30.0 cm^3 of sodium hydroxide solution.The equation for this reaction is 2NaOH +H(2)SO(4) —->Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
How do you find the moles of sulfuric acid

A

Moles =concentration volume
25/1000=0.025dm(3)
0.0250.1=0.00250moles H(2)SO(4)

27
Q

2NaOH +H(2)SO(4) —->Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O
If there are 0.00250 moles of sulfuric acid how many moles are there of sodium hydroxide

A

1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of sodium hydroxide
1:2
0.0025:0.0050
H(2)SO(4):2NaOH

28
Q

It takes 25cm^3 of 0.100mol dm^3 sulfuric acid to neutralise 30.0 cm^3 of sodium hydroxide solution.The equation for this reaction is 2NaOH +H(2)SO(4) —->Na(2)SO(4) + 2H(2)O

A
29
Q

We now know that the moles of sodium hydroxide is 0.0050 and the volume of it is 30cm^3
How do we found it’s concentration in mol dm^3

A

30cm^3/1000=0.03dm^3
Concentration =moles/volume
Concentration=0.0050/0.03
Concentration=0.167 mol dm^3

30
Q

How do you convert 0.167 mol dm^3 of NaOH into g dm^3

A

Mol dm^3 * Mr = g dm^3
Mr of NaOH=23+16+1=40
40*0.167=6.7g dm^3

31
Q

What is molar volume /dm^3 mol

A

The volume occupied by one mole of a gas

32
Q

What is the molar volume of any gas at room temp and pressure

A

24dm^3 /24000cm^3

33
Q

Volume=
Moles=
Molar volume=

A

Volume=moles*molar volume
Moles=volume/molar volume
Molar volume=volume/moles

34
Q

How do you find the moles of a solid when given it’s formula
Eg moles of 11.5g of Na

A

As of Na=23
11.5/23=0.5 moles

35
Q

What 2 things are made to make ammonia in Haber process

A

Nitrogen and hydrogen
Ammonia used as a fertiliser

36
Q

What is the chemical equation for the Haber process

A

N + 3H
2 2

37
Q

Haber process is a reversible/irreversible reaction

A

Reversible

38
Q

Higher temp ,pressure and conc all do what to rate of attainment of equilibrium?
What disadvantage may this have?

A

Increase rate at which equilibrium is obtained
May decrease yield

39
Q

Catalysts do what to yield and rate of attainment of equilibrium

A

Increase rate of attainment of equilibrium and doesn’t affect yield

40
Q

What 2 things might companies consider about the about raw materials when making ammonia

A

Cost of raw materials and availability

41
Q

Why might pressures and temps very high may be difficult to obtain

A

May be dangerous and expensive

42
Q

How does higher temp help with increased rate of equilibrium attainment

A

Higher temp means more kinetic energy meaning more frequent collisions between particles to equilibrium is reached faster

43
Q

What 3 elements may ammonia fertilisers contain

A

Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Potassium

44
Q

What do fertilisers do

A

Gives plants nutrients they need if their is not enough and more to promote plant growth bigger and fastee

45
Q

What is ammonia reacted with to make it an acid and what is made

A

Reacted with nitric acid to make ammonium nitrate

46
Q

A chemical fuel cell produces a voltage until
A)both reactants have been used up
B)One of reactants have been used up
C)Infinite unless it breaks

A

B

47
Q

In a hydrogen oxygen fuel cell ,hydrogen and oxygen are used to produce a voltage and what is the product

A

Water

48
Q

What are some advantages for hydrogen oxygen fuel cells

A

Very efficient (80%+)
Less energy loss
No greenhouse gases produced
Energy produced directly f from reaction

49
Q

What are some disadvantage of hydrogen oxygen fuel cells

A

Very explosive so dangerous
Gas takes up more space than liquid due to volume
Hydrogen usually gathered from water vapour which usually burns fossil Fuels so not 100% clean

Chemistry (7 decks)

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