Topic 4 Extracting Metals And Equilibria (Complete)

Question 1

What is a reversible reaction

Answer 1

When reactants can react to make products and products can react to make reactants again

Question 2

What are the 2 conditions for a equilibria

Answer 2

Products and reactants have same concentration
Products and reaction have same rate of reaction

Question 3

When temperature increases what happens to equilibria

Answer 3

Shifts to the endothermic side shown with +
Decrease temp means shift to exothermic side with -

Question 4

When pressure decreases what happens to equilibria

Answer 4

Shifts to side with more moles
Increase in pressure means shift to side with least moles

Question 5

When concentration of reactants increase what happens

Answer 5

Equilibria moves to side of products
When concentration of products increases equilibria moves to left side

Question 6

What does Le Chateliers Principle state

Answer 6

If there is a change in concentration ,pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction the equilibrium will shift to counteract that change

Question 7

What are the 3 conditions for the Haber process
Temp
Pressure
Catalyst

Answer 7

450 degrees
200 atmospheres pressure
Iron catalyst

Question 8

What are the reactants and products for the Haber process(reversible reaction)

Answer 8

Reactants
Nitrogen- natural gas obtained from air
Hydrogen-extracted from hydrocarbons

Products
Ammonia-used for fertiliser

Question 9

What is an equilibria

Answer 9

When products and reactants both have same rate of reaction and have same concentration

Question 10

What type of ion do metals form

Answer 10

Cations/positive ions

Question 11

What can you say about how metals react with acids and their reactivity

Answer 11

More reactive metals will fizz vigorously in acids
Less reactive metals may bubble a bit

Question 12

What can you say about metals reactivity and how they react with water

Answer 12

More reactive metals will react vigorously with metals and cause a flame and less reactive metals will won’t react much and may just steam

Question 13

Oxidation is ____ of electrons
Reduction is ____ of electrons
Loss
Gain

Answer 13

Oxidation -loss
Reduction -gain

Question 14

What is it called when oxidation and reduction happen at the same time in a reaction

Answer 14

A redox reaction
Displacement reactions are redox reactions

Question 15

What is a displacement reaction

Answer 15

When a more reactive element reacts and takes the place of the less reactive metal in a compound

Question 16

During a displacement reaction the more reactive metal is _____ and the less reactive metal is _____
Oxidised
Reduces

Answer 16

More reactive -oxidised
Less reactive -reduced

Question 17

The more/less reactive a metal is the more likely it is to form metal cations

Answer 17

More reactive
If a metal is more reactive it is easier to lose its electrons and therefore easier to become a cation

Question 18

Most metals are extracted from their ____ in the earths crust

Answer 18

Ores

Question 19

Unreactive metals are found in the earths crust as ________ _______

Answer 19

Uncombined elements
Meaning they can’t be mine straight from the ground

Question 20

Oxidation is the ____ of oxygen
Reduction is the _____ of oxygen

Answer 20

Oxidation-gain
Reduction-loss

Question 21

metals are found in crust as oxides and need to undergo which process to be their own single element

Answer 21

Reduction

Question 22

Iron oxide + carbon —->

Answer 22

Iron oxide + carbon —->iron + carbon dioxide

Question 23

How are Metals with lower reactivity than carbon separated from their ores

Answer 23

Carbon is heated with the ore and in the displacement reaction it is swapped with the less reactive metal

Question 24

What process of extraction from their ores are used for metals more reactive than carbon

Answer 24

Electrolysis is used

Question 25

Why can reduction using carbon not be used for metals more reactive than carbon

Answer 25

Because more reactive metals displace the less reactive metals and a less reactive metal cannot displace a more reactive metal

Question 26

What is a disadvantage of using electrolysis to separate metals from their ores

Answer 26

It’s expensive

Question 27

What do you have to add to aluminium oxide before you can make it into molten aluminium oxide

Answer 27

Add cryolite which lowers melting point of aluminium oxide

Question 28

What are the anode and cathode made out of

Answer 28

Carbon

Question 29

What happens at the anode during electrolysis of aluminium oxide

Answer 29

Anode attracts anions(oxygen ions with negative charge attract Tom positive charge of the anode ) and oxygen is made at the anode

Question 30

What happens at the cathode during electrolysis of aluminium oxide

Answer 30

Cathode attracts cations(aluminium ions with positive charge attract To negative charge of the cathode ) and aluminium is made at the cathode

Question 31

How is phytoextraction used to extract metals

Answer 31

Growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds and they will gradually build up in the leaves and the plant is then burnt and then you can use electrolysis and displacement reactions to extract metal from its compound

Question 32

What are 2 disadvantages of phytoextraction

Answer 32

Burning plants release CO2 emissions
Process is quite slow

Question 33

How are bacteria used to extract metals

Answer 33

Bacteria get their energy from bonds between atoms in the ores and separate the metal from the ore
The metal ions you know have can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions

Question 34

Metals that are more reactive are more resistant to being oxidised

Question 35

What economic benefits does recycling have

Answer 35

Recycling saves money where a lot of energy would be needed to extract more of the materials
Recycling is also a massive industry that creates lots of jobs opportunities as well

Question 36

How does recycling help preserve ur environment

Answer 36

Mines damage the environment and also lots of animal habitats and recycling means we don’t need as many mines
Recycling also cuts down amount of rubbish going to landfills which take up space and pollute area around them

Question 37

How does recycling help preserve raw materials

Answer 37

We need energy from fossil fuels which are limited to extract metals and burning them also contributes to climate change and acid rain
Recycling metals which are also non renewable mean we can save energy

Question 38

What has to be considered during the choice of a material in the life cycle assessment

Answer 38

Metals have to be mined and extracted from their ores which and lots of energy
Raw materials often come from crude oil which is limited and takes lots of energy and causes pollution

Question 39

What has to be considered during the manufacture in the life cycle assessment

Answer 39

Manufacturing uses lots of energy and causes lots of pollution
Waste products also need to be disposed of or can be recycled into other useful materials

Question 40

What has to be considered during the use of product in the life cycle assessment with examples

Answer 40

Using products may damage environment
Paint gives off toxic fumes
Fertilisers can leach onto streams and rivers and pollute them

Question 41

What has to be considered during the disposal of product in the life cycle assessment

Answer 41

Products are usually disposed of in a land fill site which takes up space and polluted land and water
Products which are burnt cause air pollution