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History: Crime and Punishment > Topic 5: Methods of Punishment > Flashcards

Topic 5: Methods of Punishment Flashcards

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1
Q

What was held before the punishment in Saxon times?

A

Trial by ordeal e.g. trial by hot iron

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2
Q

What were Saxon fines called?

A

Wergild

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3
Q

What were the 3 main types of punishment in medieval times?

A
  • Whipping e.g. beggars
  • Stocks and pillory: minor crimes such as swearing or drunkenness
  • Mutilation e.g. branding for beggars
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4
Q

What crimes received the death penalty in the Early modern era?

A
  • Murder
  • Treason
  • Persistent theft/begging
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5
Q

What was the usual method of carrying out the death penalty in the Early modern era?

A

Public hanging

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6
Q

What was the method of carrying out the death penalty for treason in EME?

A
  • Hang, drawn and quartered
  • E.g. Guy Fawkes (1605)
  • E.g. Thomas Culpepper who committed adultery with Katherine Howard (Henry VIII’s 5th wife)
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7
Q

What was the death penalty for nobles in the early modern era?

A

Beheading if committed treason e.g. Duke of Norfolk / Mary QoS

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8
Q

What was the death penalty for heretics?

A

Burned at the stake e.g. Mary I burnt over 280 protestants

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9
Q

What was the Bloody Code?

A

225 crimes punishable by death by 1815

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10
Q

What was introduced as an alternative to the death penalty in the Industrial Era?

A

Transportation

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11
Q

When did Australia start being used for transportation instead of North America?

A

1770s

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12
Q

What were used as a temporary prison containment in the Industrial Era?

A

Hulks

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13
Q

When did the first fleet of prisoners arrive in Australia?

A

1788

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14
Q

How many convicts were transported each year?

A

2000

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15
Q

What were conditions like in a penal colony?

A
  • Harsh
  • Prisoners who did not conform were whipped with cat o’nine tails
  • Or sent to work in chain gangs
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16
Q

When did transportation stop?

A

Mid 19th century

17
Q

Who were 3 prison reformers?

A
  • Elizabeth Fry
  • George O’Paul
  • John Howard
18
Q

What did the separate system set out to do and how?

A
  • Reform
  • Individual cells with work and religious sermons
  • Made boots, mail bags or sewed clothes
19
Q

How many prisons used the separate system by 1850?

A

Over 50

20
Q

What was the silent system?

A
  • Made life as unpleasant as possible
  • Pointless tasks like the crank, shot drill
21
Q

What was the result of both the silent and separate systems?

A
  • Failed
  • Re-offending rate high
  • Suicide common
  • Expensive
22
Q

When was corporal and capital punishment abolished?

A

In the 20th century

23
Q

When were borstals set up?

A

1908

24
Q

What was the function of borstals?

A
  • To reform 15-21yr olds
  • Strict rules and education
  • Corporal punishment was used to begin with
25
Q

When and why were borstals abolished?

A
  • 1982
  • Reoffending rates were high
26
Q

When and why were Young Offenders Institutions set up?

A
  • 1988
  • To reform violent offenders aged 18-21
27
Q

What was there for those up to 17 in Young Offenders Institutions?

A

Secure training centres focussing on education and rehabilitation

28
Q

What are open prisons and when were they set up?

A
  • House non-violent offenders, low risk of escape
  • Set up after WW2
29
Q

Why were alternatives to prisons needed?

A

Prisons continued to be overcrowded

30
Q

What is probation?

A
  • Set of rules and probation officer to report to police
  • From 1980s had to undertake counselling for issues such as drug dependancy
31
Q

What is parole?

A
  • Allows prisoners to be released earlier for good behaviour
  • Similar to probation
32
Q

What is community service and when was it introduced?

A
  • Unpaid work to benefit the community e.g. cleaning graffiti
  • Introduced in 1972
33
Q

What is electronic tagging and when was it introduced?

A
  • Limits on when and where they can go and the tag monitors their movements
  • Introduced in the 1990s

History: Crime and Punishment (6 decks)

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