Topic 4: Methods of Combatting Crime Flashcards
What were tithings?
- Groups of 10 who were then grouped into 100s
- Responsible for policing in the area
Who was responsible for public order in each shire?
- The shire reeve (sheriff)
- Could raise a posse if needed
Who would take on the role of JP?
Local landowners
Who was the Parish Constable/Watchman appointed from?
Local traders/farmers
Who was the Parish Constable/Watchman meant to deter?
- Thieves
- Strangers
- Beggars
What happened to the role of JPs and Watchmen as towns grew?
They all became less effective at carrying out their roles
What were Thief Takers?
- Acted as unofficial policemen in towns and cities
- Captured criminals and claimed the reward
- Or charged a fee for the return of stolen goods
Who was Jonathan Wild?
- “Thief taker General”
- Built a crime network of planned thefts and burglaries to profit from the return of stolen goods
What was a criticism of thief takers?
They were corrupt
Who was appointed magistrate (judge) of Bow St Court?
Henry Fielding
What did Henry Fielding do?
Appoint 6 paid, trained officers to combat crime in the area
Who continued Henry Fielding’s work?
His brother, John
What did John Fielding do?
- Extended to a horse patrol to deal with highway robbers
- Published a newspaper called the “Quarterly Pursuit” which contained a list of criminals’ descriptions and their crimes
What did the Bow St Runners introduce the idea of?
Preventative and professional policing
What did the MET Police want?
A full time professional force to investigate crimes, patrol and catch criminals
What were nicknames for the MET police?
- Bobbies
- Peelers
Where were the headquarters of the MET police?
Scotland Yard
How many police constables were in the MET police?
144
What did a constable working for the MET police look like?
- Wore a uniform
- Carried a truncheon and rattle
What was the MET police extended to in 1839?
A river and horse patrol
What were developments in police transport in the 20th century?
- Cars used commonly from 1930s
- Before, bikes used
- Helicopters introduced in the 1980s
What were developments in communication and technology in the 20th century?
- Radio first used from 1910s
- Direct police telephone boxes appeared in the 1920s
When was 999 introduced?
1937
How was photography used in 20th and 21st century policing?
- 1901, first police photographer employed
- Police cars fitted with cameras
- 21stC police wear body cameras
Who are the CID?
Plain clothed detectives to investigate major crimes
When was the Fraud Squad introduced?
1946
When was the Anti-Terror Branch introduced?
1971
When was the Hi-Tech Crime Team introduced?
2002
