Topic 5: Media representations of gender, sexuality and disability Flashcards
What is a Stereotype?
A mental attitude about members of a group
What is Symbolic annihilation?
The deliberate lack of representation of certain groups in the media.
What is a Countertype?
A representation that runs counter to the stereotype
What does Tuchman et al (1979) say about symbolic annihilation when representing women in the media?
Women’s achievements are not often reported, they are often condemned/ trivialised by the mass media.
What does Tunstall (2000) say about the presentation of women in the media?
Presentation of women in the media is biased and often stereotypical, it ignores working women. Men are not sexualised whereas women are.
What are the 4 stereotypes of women in the media according to Tunstall (2000)?
-Housewives,
-Contented mothers
-Eager consumers
-Sex objects
What did ‘Just the woman’ report (2012) outline about women in limited roles?
Over 1300 news reports portrayed. women in limited roles (stereotypes)
What did Mulvey (1975) say about the male gaze?
The male gaze portrays women as sexual beings
What did Kilbourne (1995) say about women presented in the media?
Women presented as mannequins promoting ways to improve feminine appearance
What did Wolf (1990) say about how the media portrays women?
The dominated media message is that female bodies are in constant need of improvement
What did Bates (2014) say about the presentation of women in media?
The music industry is guilty of sexually objectifying women.
What did Salinas (2014) say about how journalists represent women?
Journalists make negative comments on women’s appearance, especially those in political areas.
What did Martinson (2012) say about lack of female voices in media?
It’s mainly male experts talking on subjects in the media, female achievements are rarely talked about
What did Cochrane (2011) say about the lack of female voices in the media?
Comedic and political shows are dominated by men
What did Packer et al (2015) say about how the media presents females in sport?
In the 2012 olympics, only 4.5% of the articles were about women, most of them making fun of the competitors
What did Duncan and Messner (2005) say about how the media presents females in sport?
Commentators use different language when reffering to women, such as calling them ‘girls’ etc.
What did Orbach (1991) say about how media effects female self image?
The media gives the idea that slimness equals success,
creates a potential for eating disorders
What did Banyard (2010) say about how media effects female self image?
5 minutes exposure to ‘beautiful’ slim female bodies decreased female self esteem
What did Gauntlett say about modern media and women?
Magazines now show female independence, which has has a positive impact on female identities
What did Green and Singleton (2013) say about modern media and women?
Women are more empowered
What did Plant (1997) say about modern media and women?
The internet has the power to break down the patriarchy as women are more informed.
Give two evaluative points about how modern media effects women.
-Modern internet is still sexist, women are getting rape and murder threats and sexist comments
-Online communities such as mumsnet reinforce the idea of women doing emotion work for the family.
