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Physics Edexcel > Topic 5 - Light and the EM spectrum > Flashcards

Topic 5 - Light and the EM spectrum Flashcards

1
Q

Angle of incidence=

A

Angle of reflection

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2
Q

Total internal refelction occurs when

A

The wave is travelling through a dense material into a less dense material. When the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle.

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3
Q

Specular reflection

A

When waves are reflected in a single direction by a smooth surface.

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4
Q

Diffuse reflection

A

When waves are reflected in all directions by a rough surface because the normal is different for each incident ray

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5
Q

All different colours of light have

A

Different wavelengths

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6
Q

Opaque objects

A

Dont transmit light

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7
Q

White objects

A

Reflects all wavelengths of light equally

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8
Q

Black objects

A

Absorb all wavelengths of light

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9
Q

Transparent and translucent objects

A

Transmit light

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10
Q

Coverging lenses

A

Bulge outwards in the middle and causes rays of light to converge together at the principal focus

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11
Q

Diverging lenses

A

A diverging lens caves inwards and causes rays of light to spread out

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12
Q

Principal focus on converging lenses

A

Where the rays meet after being refracted through the lens

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13
Q

Principal focus on diverging lens

A

Where the rays meet if thye get traced backwards through the lens. It is before the lens.

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14
Q

Focal length

A

The distance from the centre of th lens to the principal focus

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15
Q

A real image is

A

When the light rays actually come together to form the image.

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16
Q

A virtual image is

A

when light rays from the object appear to be coming from a different place to where they are coming from.

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17
Q

Real images are usually created by

A

Converging lenses

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18
Q

Virtual images are usually created by

A

Diverging/convex lenses

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19
Q

Electromagnetic waves are

A

Transverse

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20
Q

EM waves travel at

A

the same speed through a vacuum, but have different speeds in different materials.

21
Q

All EM waves transfer energy from

A

A source to an absorber

22
Q

Example of source to absorber in EM waves

A

When near an electric heater, infrared waves transfer energy from the heaters thermal energy store to your thermal energy store

23
Q

Types of EM waves in order of wavelength

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
Ultra Violet
X-Rays
Gamma Rays

24
Q

The EM spectrum is in order of

A

Decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency

25
Q

The higher the frequency of an EM wave

A

The more energy is transfers (so it is more dangerous for humans)

26
Q

EM waves at a boundary can

A

Be absorbed, reflected, refracted, or transmitted

27
Q

Radio waves are … through the body

A

transmitted

28
Q

Some wavelengths of microwaves can be…. by bodily cells

A

Absorbed

29
Q

Infrared and visible light are mostly ….or…. by the skin

A

Reflected or absorbed

30
Q

Ultraviolet is … by the skin and is slightly …..

A

Absorbed, ionising

31
Q

Colours of visible light in order of decreasing wavelength

A

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet

32
Q

All bodies and objects constantly

A

Absorb and emit EM waves

33
Q

The intensity and distribution of the wavelengths of EM emission depend only on

A

Temperature

33
Q

For an object to be at a constant temp

A

It needs to radiate the same avergae power as it absorbs

34
Q

Radiation effects the earths temperature by

A

Absorbing during the day fro mthe sun, and emitting from the atmosphere during the night

35
Q

Steps of core practical investigating how surfaces emit radiation

A

Use 4 test tubes wrapped in the same material but with different surfaces
Add boiling water and measure how quickly temperature decreases using a thermometer

36
Q

Microwaves can lead to

A

Internal heating of humans

37
Q

Infrared can lead to

A

Skin burns

38
Q

Ultraviolet can lead to

A

damage to surface cells such as skin and eyes, which leads to skin cancer and eye conditions

39
Q

X-rays and gamma can lead to

A

Mutation or damage to deeper tissues

40
Q

Radio waves are used in

A

Broadcasting
Communications
Satellite transmissions

41
Q

Microwaves are used in

A

Cooking
Communications
Satellite transmissions

42
Q

Infrared is used in

A

Cooking
Thermal imaging
Short-range communications
Optical fibres
TV remotes
Security systems

43
Q

Visible light is used for

A

Vision
Photography
Illumination

44
Q

Ultraviolet is used for

A

Security marking
Flourescent objects and lights
Detecting forged bank notes
Disinfecting water

45
Q

X-rays are used for

A

Observing the internal structure of objects
Medical x-rays
Airport security scanners

46
Q

Gamma rays

A

Sterilising medical equipment and food
Detection fo cancer
Cancer treatment

47
Q

Radio waves can be produced by or induce

A

Oscillations in electrical circuits from a transmitter or at a receiver

48
Q

Changes in atoms and nuclei can lead to or be caused by

A

Can lead to radiation being generated over a wide frequency range
Can be caused by absorbtion of different radiations
Changes in the nucelus itself leads to the production of gamma rays

Physics Edexcel (15 decks)

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