topic 5- ionic bonding

Question 1

what are anions?

Answer 1

negatively charged ions

Question 2

what are cations?

Answer 2

positively charged ions

Question 3

How do ionic bonds form?

Answer 3

Positively charged ions are called cations, and negatively charged ions are called anions. These ions can form when a metal reacts with a non-metal, by transferring electrons. The oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, forming ionic bonds.

Question 4

What is the symbol for a sodium ion?

Answer 4

Na+

Question 5

What is the symbol for a sodium atom?

Answer 5

Na

Question 6

Symbol for chloride ions?

Answer 6

Cl-

Question 7

Symbol for chloride atoms?

Answer 7

Cl

Question 8

In ionic compounds, the oppositely charged ions attract each other from all directions forming large structures known as?

Answer 8

Giant ionic lattices

Question 9

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 9

• ionic bonds are really strong and a lot of energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic forces between the ions and electrons in the lattice

Question 10

What state would an ionic compound be at room temperature?

Answer 10

Solid

Question 11

Why can’t ionic compounds conduct electricity when in a solid state can when in a liquid state?

Answer 11

An electric current is a flow of charged particles. Therefore solid ionic particles don’t conduct because their charged particles, their ions, can’t move about as they are fixed in place in the lattice structure. This means that charges can’t flow, so electricity cannot be conducted. If we wanted them to conduct electricity we have to break the lattice up by dissolving or melting the ionic compound. Therefore the charge could flow and be conducted.

Question 12

Common cations:

Answer 12

• lithium- (Li+)
• sodium- (Na+)
• potassium- (K+)
• silver(I)- (Ag+)
• barium- (Ba2+)
• calcium- (Ca2+)
• iron(II)- (Fe2+)
• lead(II)- (Pb2+)
• magnesium- (Mg2+)
• zinc- (Zn2+)
• aluminium- (Al3+)
• iron (III)- (Fe3+)

Question 13

Common anions:

Answer 13

• chloride (Cl-)
• bromide (Br-)
• iodide (I-)
• oxide (O2-)

Question 14

Sodium chloride contains Na+ and Cl- ions, work out the formula:

Answer 14

• this is one positive and one negative charge
• the charges are balanced
• so the formula is NaCl

Question 15

Magnesium oxide contains Mg2+ and O2- ions, work out the formula:

Answer 15

• this is two positive charges and two negative charges
• the charges are balanced
• so the formula is MgO

Question 16

Aluminium oxide contains Al3+ and O2- ions, work out the formula:

Answer 16

• this is three positive charges and two negative charges
• to balance, we need two Al3+ ions and three O2- ions
• so the formula is Al2O3

Question 17

What does an ionic compound with just two elements end in?

Answer 17

-ide

Question 18

What does an ionic compound with three or more elements (one of which is oxygen) end in?

Answer 18

-ate