topic 1- states of matter Flashcards
Arrangement of particles in a solid
- close together
- regular pattern
Movement of particles in a solid
-vibrate about fixed positions
Relative energy of particles in a solid
least stored energy, low energy
Arrangement of particles in a liquid
- close together
- random
Movement of particles in a liquid
-move around each other
Relative energy of particles in a liquid
-medium energy
Arrangement of particles in a gas
- far apart
- random
Movement of particles in a gas
-fast in all directions
Relative energy of particles in a gas
- most stored energy
- high energy
name of the process from gas to liquid
-condensation
name of the process from liquid to solid
-freezing
name of the process from solid to liquid
-melting
name of the process from liquid to gas
-evaporation/boiling
name of the process from gas to solid
-deposition
name of the process from solid to gas
-sublimation
At its melting point, a substance begins to:
- melt if energy is transferred to the particles
- freeze if energy is transferred to the surroundings
At its boiling point a substance begins to:
- boil if energy is transferred to the particles
- condense if energy is transferred to the surroundings
A substance evaporates if it changes from a liquid to a gas below its boiling point:
- particles with high enough energy leave the surface of the liquid
- the remaining particles have less energy
- the liquid cools down unless it is heated
what state would a substance be at below it’s melting point?
solid
what state would a substance be above its boiling point?
gas
what state would a substance be between its melting and boiling points?
liquid
Describe in terms of the particle theory, what happens when bromine boils? ( 3 marks )
- forces of attraction between bromine particles are overcome and the particles move far apart.
- the particles no longer just move around each other, but move quickly in all directions
